移栽定殖根际有益菌番茄苗的田间效应研究  

Effects of Seedlings Colonized PGPR Stains on Bacterial Wilt Disease Suppression and Yield of Tomato

作　　者：张娜 黄炎[1] 徐谞 张博[1] 邓旭辉[1] 王东升 陶成圆 王其传[3] 李荣[1] 沈其荣[1] ZHANG Na;HUANG Yan;XU Xu;ZHANG Bo;DENG Xuhui;WANG Dongsheng;TAO Chengyuan;WANG Qichuan;LI Rong;SHEN Qirong(Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Solid Organic Waste Utilization,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization,National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers,College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;Nanjing Institute of Vegetable Science,Nanjing 210042,China;Huaian Chaimihe Agricultural Technology Development Co.Ltd.,Huaian,Jiangsu 223001,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省固体有机废弃物资源化高技术研究重点实验室/江苏省有机固体废弃物资源化协同创新中心/国家有机肥类肥料工程技术研究中心/南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,南京210095 [2]南京市蔬菜科学研究所,南京210042 [3]淮安柴米河农业科技发展有限公司,江苏淮安223001

出　　处：《土壤》2019年第4期658-664,共7页Soils

基　　金：江苏省科技计划项目(BY2016077-05);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFE0101100和2016YFD0800605);江苏省青年自然科学基金项目(BK20160710);江苏省高校品牌专业建设工程资助项目(PPZY2015A061);校大学生创新训练项目(1513A09)资助

摘　　要：为评估移栽定殖根际有益菌(PGPR)番茄苗对果实产量和青枯病防控效果的影响,通过连续3季田间试验,研究了基于生物有机肥的施用,移栽生物育苗基质(在普通育苗基质中添加分离自根际的解淀粉芽孢杆菌)所育种苗(BIONS),相比于移栽普通育苗基质所育种苗(BIO),对设施番茄产量、发病率、收获期植株土体与根际微生物数量和土壤基本理化性质的影响。连续3季田间试验结果表明:相比于BIO处理,BIONS处理第一、二、三季的增产幅度分别达38.86%、47.87%、34.60%,产量差异均达到显著性水平;BIONS处理的发病率每季均极显著低于BIO处理;BIONS处理增加了根际细菌数量,降低了根际真菌数量;土壤基本理化性质方面,BIONS处理的硝态氮含量和铵态氮含量每季均高于BIO处理,且硝态氮含量与产量呈显著正相关,硝态氮含量和铵态氮含量与发病率呈显著负相关。因此,以生物有机肥为底肥,移栽生物育苗基质所育种苗,能够有效防控番茄青枯病的发生,进而提高产量。The effects of seedlings colonized PGPR stains on tomato bacterial wilt disease suppression and yield were investigated via continuously 3 season field experiments in this study for providing a new strategy to maintain the tomato sustainable production.Compared with the control(BIO)transplanted with common seedlings cultivated in ordinary nursery substrate,seedlings colonized PGPR stain produced by bio-nursery substrate were transplanted in the field amended with bio-organic fertilizer(BIONS)to evaluate the tomato yield enhancement and bacterial wilt disease suppression ability as well as its influence on microbial biomass and soil properties in a plastic greenhouse.Results showed that compared to BIO,BIONS significantly increased tomato yield by 38.86%,47.87%and 34.60%in the first,second and third seasons,respectively.Meanwhile,tomato bacterial wilt disease incidence of BIONS was prominently lower than BIO.Moreover,BIONS application significantly increased rhizosphere bacteria but decreased fungi populations.During the three seasons,the contents of ammonium nitrogen(NO3–^-N)and nitrate nitrogen(NH4+^-N)were higher in BIONS than in BIO;ammonium nitrogen amount had a positive correlation with tomato yield;and negative correlation was observed between disease incidence and the contents of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen.The above results prove that continuous application of the bio-nursery substrates in greenhouse can effectively control tomato bacterial wilt disease,thus can increase tomato yields.

关 键 词：番茄 产量 青枯病 生物育苗基质 根际有益菌 

分 类 号：S365[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]