水源退耕湿地不同植物群落土壤特征变化初探  

Soil Characteristics Under Different Vegetation Communities in Wetlands Returned from Farmlands with Different Years

作　　者：贾宏宏 辜彬[1] JIA Honghong;GU Bin(Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-Environment Ministry of Education,College of Life Sciences,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学生命科学学院生物资源与生态环境教育部重点实验室

出　　处：《土壤》2019年第4期715-723,共9页Soils

基　　金：“十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAC05B05)资助

摘　　要：本文选取成都市水源保护区不同退耕年限(3、5、7 a)的云桥湿地为研究对象,分析了退耕还湿后不同植物群落下土壤的基本理化性质和酶活特征,初步探究了退耕湿地土壤的理化性质和酶活在时间序列上的变化规律以及不同植物群落对退耕湿地的恢复效果。研究结果表明:①退耕还湿后,湿地土壤养分在时间梯度上呈退耕5 a<3 a<7 a的变化规律,在退耕恢复5a后湿地土壤的整体肥力逐渐增强,但仍低于对照区的陆地土壤;湿地土壤的各酶活在退耕恢复的3~5 a低于对照区的陆地土壤,但在退耕7 a,均与对照区的陆地土壤无显著差异。②3种植物群落对退耕湿地土壤的恢复效果存在差异,其中雀稗植物群落对退耕湿地的恢复效果最佳,芦苇植物群落下的土壤肥力相对薄弱。③退耕还湿后,湿地土壤理化性质和酶活的相关性分析结果表明:土壤的pH、碱解氮、速效钾、淀粉酶和脲酶均可作为较好评价成都水源保护区退耕湿地土壤生态恢复状况的重要指标。本文对成都水源保护地退耕恢复3~7 a湿地土壤养分恢复状况进行了初步探究,为水源保护地退耕还湿工程后期的维护和管理提出了科学的指导意见。In this paper,the wetlands in Yunqiao wetland returned from farmland with different years(3,5,7 a)in Chengdu Water Source Protection Area were selected to study soil physiochemical properties and enzyme activities under different vegetation communities and to evaluate the effects of vegetation communities on wetland restoration.The results showed that soil nutrients and enzyme activities of the returned wetlands were in the order of 5 a<3 a<7 a.The fertility of returned wetland increased gradually in 5 a returning.Enzyme activities in the 3– 5 a returned wetlands were lower than those in the control area,but no significant difference was observed between the 7 a returned wetland and the control area.There were differences in wetland restoration effects under different vegetation communities,among of which,paspalum showed the best,but reed was poorer.Correlation analysis showed that soil pH,alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen,available potassium,amylase and urease activities could be used as the indexes to evaluate the effects of wetland ecological restoration in the protection area in the water source in Chengdu.In summary,the above results provided the scientific guidance for the management and maintenance in the late period of returned wetland in water source protection area.

关 键 词：退耕还湿 土壤养分 酶活 植物群落 

分 类 号：Q819[生物学—生物工程]