土壤水分对玉米蒸腾特性的影响  

Influence of soil moisture on corn’s transpiration characteristics

作　　者：朱秀群 侯士田 蓝芙宁[1] 董军 魏国孝[5,6] 刘鹏 周琳琳 李衍青 ZHU Xiuqun;HOU Shitian;LAN Funing;DONG Jun;WEI Guoxiao;LIU Peng;ZHOU Linlin;LI Yanqing(Institute of Karst Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Guilin 541004,Guangxi,China;China University of Geosciences( Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;National Research of Geoanalysis,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China;Northwest Electric Power Design Institute Co.LTD.of China Power Engineering Consulting Group,Xi'an 710077,Shaanxi,China;College of Earth and Environmental Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China;Key laboratory of Weatem China's Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China;Forestry College,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,Guangxi,China;China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430074,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所,广西桂林541004 [2]中国地质大学(北京),北京100083 [3]中国地质科学院国家地质实验测试中心,北京100037 [4]中国电力工程顾问集团西北电力设计院有限公司,陕西西安710077 [5]兰州大学资源环境学院,甘肃兰州730000 [6]西部环境教育部重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [7]广西大学林学院,广西南宁530004 [8]中国地质大学(武汉),湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《水利水电技术》2019年第9期44-52,共9页Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFC0502502);国家自然科学基金面上基金项目(41471447);国家自然科学基金创新群体项目(40721061);国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(41502342)

摘　　要：针对干旱半干旱地区的农业用水短缺问题,以节水灌溉及水资源的合理利用为目标,利用包裹式茎流计对甘肃省会宁县玉米的蒸腾进行连续观测,并同步监测玉米地不同埋深下的土壤水势、土壤含水率及周围气象因子,研究土壤水分对玉米蒸腾特性的影响.结果显示:(1)在不同天气条件下,玉米蒸腾速率的日变化情况大致相同,均呈“几”字型的变化曲线.(2)不同埋深下土壤水势及含水率的日变化幅度不大,均呈缓慢下降趋势.土壤水势及含水量在晴天的变化情况比阴雨天的对称性更好;7月至8月,气温升高,玉米蒸腾耗水增加,土壤水势及含水率逐渐下降,20 cm深处的土壤水势变化幅度最大;20~30 cm深处的土壤水势与蒸腾速率的相关性稍好于10~20 cm深处的土壤水势与蒸腾速率的关系,这主要跟玉米的根系分布有关;各埋深下土壤水势与玉米蒸腾累积量的相关性都呈极显著正相关;30 cm埋深处土壤水分对蒸腾作用的影响比5 cm深处土壤水分对蒸腾作用的影响大.(3)对比发现蒸腾速率与土壤水势的相关性比与土壤含水率的好.结果表明,土壤水分是影响玉米蒸腾耗水差异的重要原因.In view of the shortage of water in arid and semi-arid areas of agriculture,aiming at water-saving irrigation and the raional use of water resources,the research simultaneously measured and monitored the sap flow rate of corn and the ambient meteorological factors at Huining of Cansu with the packaged sap flow gauges,including the soil water potential and water content under different depth to analyze the influence of soil moisture on corn's transpiration characteristics.The results showed that:(1)Under different weather conditions,the diurnal variation of transpiration rate of maize is roughly the same,showing a single peak variation curve.(2)The diurnal variations of soil water potential and moisture content at different depths are not significant,bu shows a slow downward trend.The variation of soil water potential and moisture content in sunny days is more regular than that in other weather.From July to August,as the temperature rises,transpiration consumption increases,soil water potential and water ontent gradually decrease,The soil water potential at a depth of 20 cm has the largest change.The correlation between soil wa-r potential and transpiration accumulation was significantly positive at each buried depth.Soil moisture at depths of 30 cm had a greater impact on transpiration than that at depths of 5 cm.(3)the correlation between transpiration rate and soil water potential is better than that between transpiration rate and soil water content.The results showed that soil moisture was an important factor affecting the difference of water consumption in transpiration of corn.

关 键 词：玉米 蒸腾特性 干旱半干旱区 土壤水势 土壤含水率 

分 类 号：Q945.17[生物学—植物学]