PEMFC输出特性建模与多因素仿真分析  

PEMFC output characteristics modeling and multi-factor simulation analysis

作　　者：孙术发[1] 杨洁 唐华林[1] 葛安华[1] 邢涛[1] 马超[1] SUN Shufa;YANG Jie;TANG Hualin;GE Anhua;XING Tao;MA Chao(College of Engineering and Technology,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学工程技术学院

出　　处：《哈尔滨工业大学学报》2019年第10期144-151,共8页Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology

基　　金：中央高校基金科研业务费专项资金(2572016CB12)

摘　　要：质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)是一个涉及多个学科领域的复杂系统,其输出特性受到多种因素的影响.为研究工作温度、压力、膜含水量、加载幅度、加载速度对其输出特性的影响,根据质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的数学模型,建立了考虑双电层电容作用的电压动态模型,并在Matlab/Simulink平台上进行仿真.利用实验室自制风冷自增湿DXFC-200质子交换膜燃料电池和燃料电池测试系统,将现场测得实际输出伏安特性曲线与所建模型输出曲线进行拟合,证明了模型的准确性和稳定性.在此基础上进行单因素纵向分析,并进一步运用正交实验进行多因素横向比较,分析了在低电流区域和高电流区域工作温度、压力、膜含水量对电池输出特性的影响程度.分析结果表明:在一定范围内提高温度、增大压力、增大膜含水量、减小加载幅度和加载速度可以有效改善电池性能;在低电流区域,工作温度对电池输出特性影响更显著,在高电流区域,膜含水量对其性能影响更显著.所建模型可以真实反映质子交换膜燃料电池的工作特性,对于改善电池性能,延缓电池衰减,制定燃料电池控制策略能够提供基础理论支持.Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is a complex system which involves multiple disciplines, and its output characteristics are affected by many factors. This paper aims to analyze the influences of working temperature, pressure, membrane water content, loading amplitude, and loading speed on its output characteristics. Based on the mathematical model of PEMFC, a voltage dynamic model that considers the electric double layer capacitance effect was established, and simulation was carried out on the Matlab/Simulink platform. Using the selfmade air-cooled self-humidified DXFC-200 PEMFC and the fuel cell test system, the actual output volt-ampere curve was fitted to the model output curve, which proved the accuracy and stability of the model. On this basis, a longitudinal single-factor analysis was conducted. Besides, this study also conducted a multi-factor horizontal comparison by using an orthogonal experiment, and analyzed the impact of the operating temperature, pressure, and membrane water content on the output characteristics of the battery in low current region and high current region. Results show that the increase of the temperature, the pressure, and the water content of the membrane, and meanwhile decrease of the loading amplitude and the loading speed in a certain range could effectively improve the battery performance. In low current region, the operating temperature had a more important effect on the output characteristics of the battery. In high current region, the membrane moisture content had a more vital effect on the output characteristics of the battery. The research shows that the model can truly reflect the working characteristics of PEMFC. The study will provide theoretical support for improving battery performance, delaying battery attenuation and formulating fuel cell control strategy.

关 键 词：质子交换膜燃料电池 输出特性 拟合 建模仿真 多因素 

分 类 号：TM911.42[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]