绢蒿荒漠主要植物幼苗发生的数量动态及其影响因素  

Quantitative dynamics and influencing factors of the seedling occurrence of the most common plants in Seriphidium desert grassland

作　　者：李娜娜 刘福元[1] 鲁为华 陈乙实[2] 孙海荣 靳省飞[2] 张凡凡 LI Nana;LIU Fuyuan;LU Weihua;CHEN Yishi(State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy ofAgricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China;College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China)

机构地区：[1]省部共建绵羊遗传改良与健康养殖国家重点实验室/新疆农垦科学院 [2]石河子大学动物科技学院

出　　处：《草业科学》2019年第9期2212-2222,共11页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：省部共建绵羊遗传改良与健康养殖国家重点实验室优秀中青年人才培养引导计划专项(SKLSGIHP2016A03);国家自然科学基金(31560659、31860667)

摘　　要：中文为了明确绢蒿(Seriphidium)荒漠主要植物幼苗发生类型和数量动态,研究了绢蒿荒漠不同坡向的50个样方内土壤理化性质以及年内月平均降水、温度对主要植物幼苗数量发生类型和数量动态的影响。结果表明,凋落物与幼苗总数呈显著负相关关系(P<0.05),土壤有机质、粪便量、土壤紧实度与幼苗总数呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),而土壤pH与幼苗总数的相关性不显著(P>0.05)。依据土壤环境因子可将植物幼苗的发生类型划分为3种,其中2种为凋落物、粪便量、土壤有机质共同敏感型,1种为土壤紧实度和pH敏感型;坡向和时间对植物幼苗的分布有显著影响,各个坡向的主要植物幼苗数量会随着时间变化产生显著的动态变化。4种主要植物幼苗由于春季温度适宜、降水量丰沛,呈现爆发性出苗,随着时间的推移,温度不断升高,幼苗数量逐渐减少。绢蒿、角果毛茛(Ceratocephalus orthoceras)、庭荠(Alyssum desertorum)幼苗随秋季水热条件的改善会出现二次生长和秋季萌发,再次形成秋末冬初的第2个数量峰值。进一步对月平均降水、温度与各月份幼苗数量进行相关分析和回归分析,结果表明,降水和温度是影响幼苗数量动态变化的主要因素。This study aims to understand the occurrence types and quantitative dynamics of dominant plant seedlings in Seriphidium desert grassland. We studied the effects of the key factors (soil, aspect, and climate) on seedling number and distribution in 50 sample sites of Seriphidium desert grassland. The results showed that the weight of plant litter was significantly negatively correlated with the total number of seedlings (P < 0.05), while soil organic matter, faeces, and soil compaction were significantly positively correlated with the total number of seedlings (P < 0.01). The correlation between soil pH and the total number of seedlings was not found to be significant (P > 0.05). We divided the seedlings into three types depending on soil environmental factors. Two of the seedling types are sensitive to the amount of plant litter, faecal matter, and organic matter in the soil, while the other type is sensitive to soil compactness and pH level. In addition, the slope aspect and the time of year were found to significantly influence the seedling quantity, and the number of seedlings in different slope directions was also found to change dramatically with the season. The seedlings showed explosive growth in spring, owing to the suitable temperatures and abundant precipitation, but their numbers gradually decreased as spring became summer and temperatures increased. However, the seedlings of Seriphidium transiliense, Ceratocephalus orthoceras, and Alyssum desertorum had a second growth and germination stage in autumn owing to improving meteorological conditions, and a second growth peak in late autumn and early winter. In addition, we conducted regression analysis on average climate conditions and the number of seedlings. The results showed that average monthly precipitation levels and temperature are the main factors influencing seedling dynamics.

关 键 词：绢蒿荒漠 土壤因子 环境因子 坡向 幼苗分布 数量动态 秋季萌发 

分 类 号：Q944-33[生物学—植物学]