青藏高原牧区家庭能源消费调查与结构特征——以青海省为例  

A study on current situations about household energy consumption of herdsmen of Qinghai Province

作　　者：邢冉 姜璐 薛冰[1] 李宏庆 陈兴鹏[3] Xing Ran;Jiang Lu;Xue Bing;Li Hongqing;Chen Xingpeng(Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China;University of Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing 100049,China;College of Earth and Environmental Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,辽宁省环境计算与可持续发展重点实验室,辽宁沈阳110016 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]兰州大学资源环境学院,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《可再生能源》2019年第10期1551-1559,共9页Renewable Energy Resources

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41471116,41301652,41701142);四川循环经济研究中心项目(XHJJ-1611);辽宁省环境计算与可持续发展重点实验室开放基金项目(20180110);国家重点研发计划项目资助(2018YFC0704702)

摘　　要：牧区是气候变化的敏感区和脆弱区,牧民家庭能源消费是牧区人地关系的重要组成部分。文章基于问卷访谈获取了第一手数据,对青海省4个州市的77户牧区家庭进行了全面深度分析,对比不同收入分组家庭的能源消费数据,研究青藏高原牧区家庭能源消费的结构特征,并建立典型家庭的物质流模型,辨识不同家庭能源消费特点。结果表明:①青海省牧区非商品能源占比为71.6%,受“退牧还草”政策影响,家庭能源消费结构从以畜粪为主转向多种能源组合;②交通用能已经成为牧区家庭能源消费的主要增长点,并呈现进一步增长的趋势;③与低收入家庭相比,高收入家庭的能源消耗种类更多、体量更大、能源流动更频繁。Pastoral areas are sensitive areas and vulnerable areas of climate change.Energy consumption significantly affects the economy of a country and plays a vital role in the pastoral area's residents live.Research of household-scale energy consumption patterns is an important basic work.Based on semi-structured questionnaires and interviews,this paper investigates the energy use information of 77 households in Qinghai Province,energy consumption patterns of pastoral area's households were analyzed.Specially in this paper a typical household energy flow model was established.The results show that non-commercial energy in Qinghai Province's pastoral areas accounted for 71.6%.Due to the policy of"grazing and returning grassland",the household energy consumption structure shifted from animal manure to multiple energy sources.Besides,traffic energy has become the main growth point of household energy consumption in pastoral areas and shows further growth trend.High-income households have more types of energy,more energy consumption,and more complex energy flows.According to the economic and geographical characteristics of Qinghai,the energy policies are put forward.For example,renewable energy is not only a solution to the energy shortage problem in rural areas,but also helps conserve fossil resources and protect the environment.

关 键 词：家庭能源消费 能源地理 青藏高原 物质流模型 牧区 

分 类 号：TK6[动力工程及工程热物理—生物能] S210[农业科学—农业机械化工程]