论清末章太炎的重农主义思想——兼与法国重农学派比较  

On Zhang Taiyan’s Physiocratic Idea——Compared with Doctrines of French Physiocrats

作　　者：傅正 Fu Zheng

机构地区：[1]清华大学人文与社会科学高等研究所

出　　处：《政治思想史》2019年第3期31-51,196-197,共22页Journal of the History of Political Thought

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金第65批面上资助(2019年上半年)项目“蜀学与近代经今文学的转型”(项目编号：201245)的阶段成果

摘　　要：章太炎曾经十分重视小农生产,在“商战”“物质救国”呼声高涨的清末时期,显得颇为另类。章氏也因此荣获了“小资产阶级思想家”或“小农思想家”的雅号。但事实上,章太炎不是始终都持有重农主义的观点。戊戌时期,他多游移于重农和重商之间,至辛亥时期才全盘倒向重农主义。这个思想转变无疑和他当时接受无政府主义密切相关。1908年,章氏告别无政府主义,又再次游移于重农和重商之间,通过与法国重农学派对比可知,重农主义未必都是小农学说,它完全可能是一套资本主义的理论体系。Zhang Taiyan,one of the most famous political thinkers in modern Chinese History,once attached great importance to the Chinese traditional agricultural production relations.According to the opinion of most people,small-scale peasant economy was unsuited to the modern industrial production.Zhang Taiyan’s idea,therefore,was very unusual in the atmosphere that had been filled with slogans such as“trade war”,“national salvation by material production”and so on.Because of such claims as“emphasizing agriculture but restraining business”,he was called“the thinker of petty bourgeoisie”and“the thinker of small-scale peasants”by some researchers.In fact,Zhang Taiyan did not hold the opinion that physiocratic policy was always good.For example,his idea swung between physiocratism and mercantilism in the Wu Xu period.Only during the Xin Hai Revolution did he side with physiocratism.Undoubtedly,this transformation was related to his anarchist standpoint.In 1908,Zhang Taiyan broke with anarchists,so he went back to the position that swung between physiocratism and mercantilism,which was similar to his claims during the Wu Xu Reform.By comparing with the doctrines of French physiocrats,we should see that physiocratism was not only a policy of smallholder production,but also a theory of laissez-faire capitalism.

关 键 词：章太炎 重农学派 重商主义 单一税制 放任主义 

分 类 号：D092[政治法律—政治学] F329[经济管理—产业经济]