定在概念:马克思早期思想构境的历史线索  

The Concept of Dasein:Historical Clues in Marx’s Early Situating of Thought

作　　者：张一兵[1] Zhang Yibing

机构地区：[1]南京大学文科

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2019年第9期25-44,204-205,共22页Social Sciences in China

基　　金：教育部重点研究基地重大项目“数字化基础上的马克思恩格斯原始文献典藏与研究”(18JJD710003)阶段性成果

摘　　要：在海德格尔存在论中扮演关键性角色的此在概念,在康德、黑格尔哲学中实为一定的存在——定在。青年马克思在早期文献中,多用定在、社会定在和定在方式等概念,而在1845—1847年历史唯物主义创立时期,如同不再使用异化、类本质等概念一样,马克思刻意回避使用了社会定在等带有思辨哲学色彩的话语。然而,他却用一定的、历史的、具体的现实社会生活情境来表征历史唯物主义的特殊质性。一直到1848年之后,马克思在《共产党宣言》和《资本论》等经济学手稿中重新恢复使用社会定在、定在方式等概念。可以说,并不是抽象的社会存在决定社会意识,而是社会定在规制人的全部观念,这才是历史唯物主义最重要的科学原则。The crucial concept of Dasein (being there) in Heidegger’s ontology is actually the Dasein in the sense of “existence” of the philosophy of Kant and Hegel. In his early writings, the young Marx frequently used such concepts as Dasein (existence), gesellschaftliche Dasein (social existence), and Existenzweise (the mode of existence), but during the period 1845-1847, when historical materialism was formulated, he deliberately avoided using terms tinged with the hue of speculative philosophy, including gesellschaftliche Dasein , just as he no longer used the concepts of Entfremdung (alienation) and Gattungswesen (species-being). However, he made use of certain concrete historical realities in social life to represent the special qualities of historical materialism. It was not until 1848 that he returned to using the concepts of gesellschaftliche Dasein , Existenzweise , etc. in such economic manuscripts as The Communist Manifesto and Capital . One could say that it is not abstract social existence that determines social consciousness;rather, social existence regulates all human concepts. It is this that is the most important principle of historical materialism.

关 键 词：马克思 黑格尔 定在 定在方式 社会定在 历史唯物主义 

分 类 号：A811[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学] B0-0