在青藏高原地区推广油菜种植并发展生物柴油产业的思考  

Promising perspects for planting oilseed rape and developing biodiesel industry in the Tibetan Plateau

作　　者：吕亮亮 赵雪冰[1,2] 李旭光 刘德华 LV Liangliang;ZHAO Xuebing;LI Xuguang;LIU Dehua(Institute of Applied Chemistry,Department of Chemical Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Beijing Tus-Deqing bioenergy Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学化工系应用化学研究所,北京100084 [2]北京启迪德清生物能源科技有限公司,北京100084

出　　处：《生物产业技术》2019年第5期32-38,共7页Biotechnology & Business

摘　　要：青藏高原地区是国内最为优良的油菜种植地之一,油菜籽亩产、含油率、千粒质量多次创下全国乃至世界最高纪录。然而目前青藏高原地区油菜产品多以油菜籽形式外销,产品附加值低,并且种植分散、生产成本高,严重限制了青藏高原地区油菜产业的发展。因地制宜地利用丰富的油菜资源发展生物柴油产业,通过生物柴油产业带动油菜产业发展,对于带动农牧民脱贫致富、保护高原生态环境、保障青藏地区燃油供应安全具有重要意义。本文探讨了在青藏高原地区发展生物柴油产业的意义、原料油供应基础及潜力,并对比分析了以菜籽油为原料油制备生物柴油的不同工艺技术。分析表明,在大规模产业化生产下,能够围绕生物柴油产业形成完整的油菜产业链,并在成本进一步降低后产生可观的潜在经济效益。As one of the best rapeseed plantations in China,the Tibetan Plateau has gotten national and even world records on rapeseed yield per hectare,oil content and of thousand seeds weight.However,currently the rapeseed products are mainly sold out,and few are further processed locally.Meanwhile,the rapeseed plantation areas are scattered,and the productivity is still low.These facts have restricted the development of modern agriculture and become important bottlenecks in rapeseed industry in Tibetan Plateau.It could be significant strategy to develop rapeseed-based biodiesel industry in Tibetan Plateau for speeding up poverty alleviation,protecting the plateau ecological environment and securing fuel supply in Qinghai-Tibet Region.This work has discussed the basis and potential of raw material supply and the significance on developing biodiesel industry in Tibetan Plateau area.Several technologies of biodiesel production with rapeseed oil as feedstock has been compared.It has been shown that under the large-scale industrial production a complete rapeseed industry chain can be built around biodiesel industry with reduced production costs and potential economic returns.

关 键 词：青藏高原 油菜 生物柴油 生态环境 经济效益 

分 类 号：TQ645.1[化学工程—精细化工]