数字孪生驱动的装配工艺设计现状及关键实现技术研究  

Research on the State-of-art, Connotation and Key Implementation Technology of Assembly Process Planning with Digital Twin

作　　者：郭飞燕 刘检华[2] 邹方 翟雨农[3] 王仲奇[4] 李少卓 GUO Feiyan;LIU Jianhua;ZOU Fang;ZHAI Yunong;WANG Zhongqi;LI Shaozhuo(AVIC Manufacturing Technology Institute, Beijing 100024;School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081;School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191;School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072;Beijing Wonstrong Technology., Limited, Beijing 100191)

机构地区：[1]中国航空制造技术研究院,北京100024 [2]北京理工大学机械与车辆学院,北京100081 [3]北京航空航天大学机械工程及自动化学院,北京100191 [4]西北工业大学机电学院,西安710072 [5]北京万瑞思创科技有限公司,北京100191

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2019年第17期110-132,共23页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51805502);航空科学基金(2017ZE25005);中国博士后科学基金(2018M631706);国防基础科研项目(JCKY2016204B203)资助

摘　　要：基于制造过程中的全数字量协调传递方式,通过"虚实融合、以虚控实"的手段,对数字孪生模型驱动的航空产品装配工艺优化-反馈-改进环机制进行了研究。分析了装配单元划分/求解/评价、孪生工艺模型构建、以及装配精度闭环控制等方面的技术内涵,阐述了国内外的研究现状及存在问题;考虑虚拟空间的设计与物理空间的装配等因素约束,提出数字孪生在装配工艺设计中的三项关键技术:①基于"面向装配设计"(DFA)的装配工艺规划与评价;②考虑真实物理拓扑关系的孪生工艺模型动态构建与分析;③面向装配现场的工艺优化-反馈-改进环机制构建,并给出具体的解决途径,从而拓展基于模型的制造技术内涵,将数字孪生落地应用,实现产品研发生产的闭环优化决策及产品研制模式的改变,提高装配准确性/一致性及装配效率。Based on the entire digital coordination transfer process in manufacturing process, with the strategy of ‘fusion of virtuality and reality, control the reality with virtuality’, the optimization-feedback-improvement loop mechanism of assembly process that driven by digital twin model is studied. Firstly, the essence and technical composition of(1) the quantitative partition/solution/evaluation of assembly unit,(2) the construction of digital twin model, and(3) assembly precision controlling with a closed-loop are analyzed, and the research status and existing problems are summarized. Then considering the detailed constraints of design in virtual field and assembly in physical field, three key technology are proposed, i.e.(1) assembly process planning and evaluation with the thought of DFA,(2) dynamic construction and analysis of twinning process model considering physical topological relation,(3) optimization-feedback-improvement ring mechanism construction orienting for the actual assembly field. Then the specific solutions and possible innovation directions are given. With the above analysis, the connotation of manufacturing technology based on virtual model can be expanded. Finally, the closed-loop optimization decision of production activity and the change of product development mode are expected to be realized in product development and production, and the assembly accuracy/consistency and assembly efficiency can be improved.

关 键 词：数字孪生模型 装配工艺规划与评价 真实物理特性 接力传递 装配偏差 

分 类 号：V262[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航制造工程]