政策工具视角下住房保障政策文本量化研究——基于改革开放40年的考察  

A Quantitative Research on Affordable Housing Policy Texts from the Perspective of Policy Tools——Based on 40 years’ reform and opening up

作　　者：娄文龙[1,2] 张娟[1] LOU Wenlong;ZHANG Juan(School of Public Management,Yanshan University,Qin huangdao,066004,China;Research Center of Beijing-Tianjin-Heibei Cooperative Development Management Innovation,Yanshan University,Qin huangdao,066004,China)

机构地区：[1]燕山大学公共管理学院,河北秦皇岛066004 [2]燕山大学京津冀协同发展管理创新研究中心,河北秦皇岛066004

出　　处：《四川理工学院学报（社会科学版）》2019年第5期1-23,共23页Journal of Sichuan University of Science & Engineering(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(17BZZ028)

摘　　要：当前在中国政府将“住有所居”作为住房制度改革的根本目的,并且大力强化住房保障供给的背景下,如何有效提高住房保障的政策效果已成为重要的现实命题。现有研究更多地集中在对住房保障政策制度设计和政策内容的合理性上,缺乏从政策工具的微观视角对住房保障政策进行更加细致的量化研究。住房保障的政策工具设计与运用对于住房保障政策的执行和实施效果具有重要的影响作用。而我国住房保障政策中隐含了哪些政策工具?这些政策工具的特征和分布如何?这些政策工具存在着哪些不足?这都是当前研究中需要进一步解决的问题。文章采用内容分析法,按照样本选择、文本单元编码、分类和数据分析的逻辑,首先建立了改革开放以来中央政府颁布的住房保障政策文本数据库,并对这212份政策文本从政策主体、政策主体间合作、政策类型、政策年度和数量以及政策高频词等方面进行整体分析。然后对政策文本的各项条款逐句编码,将政策文本中所涉及到的政策工具分为供给型政策工具、需求型政策工具和环境型政策工具3种类型,通过工具频数的统计而对政策工具的选择和运用进行定量研究,并从时间维度进一步分析住房保障政策工具变化的特征和趋势。研究发现,住房保障的政策工具结构不合理,表现为环境型政策工具中法规管制类比率过高,而供给型和需求型等政策工具则相对不足;政策工具运用过程中受到路径依赖的惯性并不断强化临时性的政策工具,从而严重滞后于住房保障实践的需要;政策工具选择不论在生命周期阶段还是政策主体间都缺乏协调性。由上述发现可知,中央政府可改善供给型政策工具,增加需求型政策工具和优化环境型政策工具三个方面来优化政策工具结构,引入新的市场化政策工具创新产品形式、资金支持和信息支�At present,Chinese central government has adopted the principle of “everyone has a roof over the head” as the fundamental purpose of housing system reform and has vigorously strengthened the supply of affordable housing.How to effectively improve the policy effect of affordable housing has become an important realistic proposition.Current research focuses more on the rationality of the design and policy content of the affordable housing policy system and lacks a more detailed quantitative study on the affordable housing policy from the micro perspective of policy tools.The design and application of affordable housing policy tools have an important impact on the implementation of housing policies.What policy tools are implied in Chinese affordable housing policy? What are the characteristics and distribution of these policy tools? What are the shortcomings of these policy tools? These are all issues that need to be further addressed in current research.According to the logic of sample selection,text unit coding,classification and data analysis,the article first establishes 212 affordable housing policy text database issued by the Chinese central government since reform and opening up.The overall analysis is carried out from the aspects of policy subjects,cooperation among policy subjects,policy types,policy year and quantity,and policy high-frequency words.Then,this article codes the terms of the policy text step by step with content analysis method and the policy tools are divided into three types: supply-oriented policy tool,demand-based policy tool and environmental-based policy tool.A quantitative research on the selection and application of policy tools is carried out through the statistics of tool frequency,and the characteristics and trends of changes are further analyzed from the time dimension.The study finds out that the policy structure of affordable housing is unreasonable: 1) the performance of environmental policy tools is too high while the supply and demand policy ones are relatively inadequate

关 键 词：住房保障政策 政策工具 改革开放 内容分析法 政策文本 量化研究 政策效果 

分 类 号：D669.3[政治法律—政治学] F293.31[政治法律—中外政治制度]