博斯腾湖表层沉积物重金属污染特征及等级评价  

Pollution characteristics and pollution degree assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments from Bosten Lake

作　　者：刘子龙[1] 闫豫君[1] 鲁建江[1] 刘锦花 陈炳铭 LIU Zilong;YAN Yujun;LU Jianjiang;LIU Jinhua;CHEN Bingming(College of Chemical Engineering,Shihezi University,Shihezi,Xinjiang832003,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学化学化工学院

出　　处：《石河子大学学报（自然科学版）》2019年第5期613-620,共8页Journal of Shihezi University(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(21167014)

摘　　要：为了解博斯腾湖表层沉积物重金属的含量、分布特征和污染等级,在博斯腾湖大湖区采集沉积物样品15个,分析Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Ni、Cd和Mn7种重金属的含量,采用地累积指数(Igeo)和潜在生态危害指数(RI)的评价法,对博斯腾湖表层沉积物重金属的污染程度进行评价。结果表明:博斯腾湖沉积物中重金属Cu、Ni、Mn和Cr的含量都未超出新疆土壤元素背景值,Zn、Cd和Pb呈现明显的累积性,含量分别是背景值的2.1、5.1和2.6倍;该湖泊沉积物中重金属含量分布有一定的特征性,重金属在博斯腾湖西部富集程度较高;地累积指数评估显示,7种重金属污染程度处于清洁至中度污染,Cd污染最为严重;7种重金属的潜在生态危害程度大小依次为:Cd>Pb>Cu>Ni>Zn>Mn>Cr,Cd是主要的生态危害因子,40%的采样点处于轻微潜在生态危害等级,60%的采样点处于中等潜在生态危害等级。The concentrations and distribution characteristics of seven heavy metals(Cu,Pb,Zn,Cr,Ni,Cd and Mn)were analyzed in fifteen surface sediment samples from Bosten Lake in Xinjiang Province in Northwest China,in order to evaluate pollution levels of heavy metals in the surface sediments in Bosten Lake(Big lake area).Heavy metal pollution in the sediments from Bosten Lake was analyzed and evaluated using geoaccumulation index(I geo)and potential ecological risk index(RI).The results indicated that the concentrations of Cu,Ni,Mn and Cr in surface sediments from Bosten Lake were lower than the background values of soil in Xinjiang Province.The concentrations of Zn,Cd,and Pb were 2.1,5.1 and 2.6 times higher,respectively,in surface sediments from Bosten Lake than the background concentrations.This indicates that there is a clear cumulative effect of Zn,Cd,and Pb.The distribution of various heavy metal contents reveals the regional distributive characteristic,the concentrations of seven heavy metals were obviously higher in west-center of Bosten Lake.According to the geoaccumulation index,the pollution degree of heavy metals in the surface sediments from Bosten Lake ranged from no pollution to moderate pollution,the pollution degree of Cd was the most serious.The potential ecological harm degree of heavy metal pollution in the surface sediments from Bosten Lake followed a descending order as:Cd>Pb>Cu>Ni>Zn>Mn>Cr,the potential ecological risks caused mainly by Cd.40%of the sites had reached up to the slight ecological harm,60%of the sites had reached up to the moderate ecological harm.

关 键 词：重金属 污染特征 污染评价 沉积物 博斯腾湖 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X502