论古希腊女性在丧葬仪式中的作用  

On the Role of Females at the Funerals in Ancient Greece

作　　者：裔昭印[1] Yi Zhaoyin

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学人文学院

出　　处：《历史教学（下半月）》2019年第10期12-20,共9页History Teaching

摘　　要：古希腊人十分重视对死者的安葬,丧葬仪式大致包括吊丧、出殡、安葬等程序.女性是活跃的悼丧者,在整理死者仪容、哀悼、净化等仪式中扮演了关键角色。古希腊人的丧葬仪式体现了城邦的性别关系特征,总的说来,古希腊男性在丧葬仪式中占主导地位。为了维护社会秩序,雅典、尤利斯等城邦颁布了主要针对女性悼丧行为的殡葬法律,规范丧葬仪式。由于家庭与城邦的传承、对死亡仪式污染的恐惧和对两性情感表达差异的看法等原因,古希腊女性在葬礼中起到了比较重要的作用,而她们活跃的丧葬活动加强了城邦私人空间与公共空间的联系,也在一定程度上凸显了其家庭和社会地位。Ancient Greeks attached great importance to the burial of the deceased.Their funeral rites generally included pro thesis,ekphora,interment and other procedures.Females were active mourners and played the key role in cleaning the remains of deceased,mourning,purification and other rites.The funeral rites of ancient Greeks embodied the characteristics of gender relationship in the city-states.Generally speaking,males in ancient Greece dominated the funeral rites.In order to maintain the social order,Athens,Iulis and other city-states promulgated funeral regulations mainly aimed at the mourning behavior of females and regulations about the standardization of funeral rites.Ancient Greek women played an important role in funerals because of the inheritance of family and city-state,the fear of the miasma of funeral rites and the ideas of different expression of emotions between males and females.Their funeral activities strengthened the connection between private space and public space in the city-state,and also highlighted their domestic and social status to some extent.

关 键 词：古希腊 丧葬仪式 女性 性别关系 

分 类 号：K12[历史地理—历史学]