七洲列岛近岸海域海洋生态环境质量评价  

Comprehensive Evaluation of the Offshore Marine Ecological Environment Quality of Qizhouliedao Islands

作　　者：吴瑞 陈丹丹 林国尧 WU Rui;CHEN Dandan;LIN Guoyao(Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fishery Sciences/Hainan Marine Development Plan and Design Research Institute,Haikou,Hainan 571126)

机构地区：[1]海南省海洋与渔业科学院/海南省海洋开发规划设计研究院

出　　处：《热带农业科学》2019年第9期58-67,共10页Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture

基　　金：海南省908专项(No.HN908-01-02)

摘　　要：于2012年6月对七洲列岛近岸海域进行现场监测,以评价该海域海洋生态环境质量。采用单因子指数法对七洲列岛海域水质进行评价。采用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)、Pielous种类均匀度(J′)、优势度指数(Y)等进行环境生物学评价。结果表明:七洲列岛海域海洋环境良好,海水pH、溶解氧(DO)、化学需氧量(COD)、溶解无机氮(DIN)、溶解无机磷(DIP)、石油类(Oil)含量较低,符合第一类海水水质标准,单因子评价指数均小于1,未出现超标现象。七洲列岛海域共鉴定到浮游植物4门45属113种。其中,硅藻门32属71种,甲藻门11属39种,蓝藻门1属2种,约占种类数的1.8%;金藻门1属1种。主要优势种为红海束毛藻(Trichodesmium erythraeum)、铁氏束毛藻(Trichodesmium thiebautii)、细弱海链藻(Thalassiosirasubtilis)、金色角毛藻(Chaetoceros aurivillii)、距端根管藻(Rhizosolenia calcaravis)、翼根管藻纤细变种(Rhizosolenia alata f.gracillima)、梭角藻原变种(Ceratium fusus var.fusus),浮游植物密度变化范围为(39.98~6.11)×10^4 cells/L,平均为19.98×10^4 cells/L。多样性指数较大、均匀度指数较高。H′范围在1.49~4.43,平均值3.02,大于3,J′范围在0.28~0.78,平均值0.57,大于0.5。七洲列岛近岸海域生态环境较好,符合海洋功能区划。Offshore marine waters was monitored on the spot in the Qizhouliedao Islands in June,2012 to assess its marine environmental quality.The water quality of the offshore marine waters in the Qizhouliedao Islands was evaluated by using the single factor index method.The results showed that the environment of the offshore waters in the Qizhouliedao Islands was good in 2012 with low contents of pH,DO,COD,DIN,DIP and oils in the marine water and that the marine water all met the requirements listed in the first group of sea water quality.The diversity of phytoplankton species in the marine water was evaluated by using Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H′),Pielous species evenness index(J′)and Simpson index(Y).The marine water was recorded to contain 113 species,45 genera and 4 phyla of phytoplankton,among which 71 species of 32 genera were Bacillariophyta,and 39 species of 11 genera Pyrrophyta,2 species of 1 genus Cyanophyta,and 1 species of 1 genus Chrysophyta.The dominant species were Trichodesmium erythraeum,Trichodesmium thiebautii,Thalassiosira subtilis,Chaetoceros aurivillii,Rhizosolenia calcar-avis,Rhizosolenia alata f.gracillima,Ceratium fusus var.fusus.The cell densities of phytoplankton ranged from 39.98×104 to 6.11×10^4cells·L^-1,with an average of 19.98×10^4 cells·L^-1.;the H′value was high,ranging from 1.49 to 4.43,with a mean value of 3.02,greater than 3;the J′value ranged from 0.28 to 0.78,averaging 0.57,greater than 0.5.It was concluded that the marine ecological environment of the offshore waters in the Qizhouliedao Islands was in a good condition and suitable for marine functional zoning.

关 键 词：海洋环境 质量评价 海洋功能区划 七洲列岛 

分 类 号：Q581[生物学—生物化学]