一种新型太阳能热机的设计与实验研究  

Design and Experimental Study of a Novel Solar Heat Engine

作　　者：王璐 苑中显[1] 杜春旭[1] WANG Lu;YUAN Zhong-Xian;DU Chun-Xu(College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China)

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学环境与能源工程学院

出　　处：《工程热物理学报》2019年第10期2239-2245,共7页Journal of Engineering Thermophysics

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)资助项目(No.2015CB251303)

摘　　要：本文设计并制造了一种结构紧凑、安装成本低的新型太阳能热机,可吸收太阳辐射能进而间歇性的向外界做功。该热机主要包括点聚焦菲涅尔透镜、石英玻璃窗、吸热管、冷却盘管、空气罐、冷却水箱,通过实验研究了该热机工作时各部件温度动态变化特性,结果表明,当环境温度为28℃,太阳辐射强度的平均值为788 W/m^2时,加热100 min后,罐内空气压力可从0.100 MPa升至为0.121 MPa,吸热管温度最高可达到310℃;热机排气后进行冷却时,在100 min后罐内空气压力可从0.100 MPa降为0.089 MPa。在加热过程中法兰太厚造成了巨大的热容损失,导致罐内空气的有效吸热量较低,因此热机需要在结构上做进一步的改进。此外,通过实验研究还发现环境温度对系统工作性能影响较小,实验中热机效率最高可达到22.01%。In this paper,a novel solar heat engine with compact structure and low installation cost is developed and tested.It absorbed solar radiation and worked intermittently.The device is composed mainly of the solar collector of Fresnel lens,the quartz glass window,the internal heating pipe,the water cooling coil,the air tank and the water cooling tank.Through experiments,the dynamic characteristics of the temperature of each component during the operation of the compressor were studied.The typical test result has revealed that when the ambient temperature is 28℃,the air pressure increased from 0.100 MPa to 0.121 MPa as the system was subjected to the solar heating for 100 minutes at the average solar radiation intensity of 885 W/m^2.Correspondingly,the wall temperature of the internal heating pipe reached about 310℃.On the other hand,after the air discharge the pressure in the tank decreased gradually from 0.100 MPa to 0.089 MPa with the cooling effect of the water loop.The thick flange caused huge heat capacity loss during the heating process,which resulted in a lower heat absorption rate of the air.Therefore the compressor needs to be improved in the structure.In addition,it is also found that the ambient temperature has little effect on system performance.The maximum heat engine efficiency can reach 22.01% in the experiment.

关 键 词：太阳能热机 菲涅尔透镜 吸热管 热机效率 

分 类 号：TK513[动力工程及工程热物理—热能工程]