全秸硬茬地小麦播种机碎秸导流装置参数设计与优化  

Design and optimization for smashed straw guide device of wheat clean area planter under full straw field

作　　者：罗伟文 胡志超 吴峰 顾峰玮 徐弘博 陈有庆 Luo Weiwen;Hu Zhichao;Wu Feng;Gu Fengwei;Xu Hongbo;Chen Youqing(Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing 210014,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2019年第18期1-10,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新资金子项目(CX(17)1002-03)

摘　　要：针对中国稻麦轮作区小麦播种时,存在田间秸秆量大和茬口紧等影响小麦播种的问题,提出可直接在全秸硬茬地作业的小麦“洁区”宽幅播种农艺模式,并基于种带无播种秸障、碎秸行间条覆的技术思路设计相应的碎秸导流装置。通过理论分析作业时碎秸下抛及与碎秸导流装置滑切耦合的运动规律,以清秸率和种带宽度变异系数为目标函数,确定影响目标函数的主要结构参数。结合Box-Benhnken中心组合试验方法和EDEM离散元仿真技术对影响碎秸导流装置作业性能的参数进行虚拟试验,利用Design-Expert软件分析因素对碎秸导流装置作业性能的影响,确定最佳参数组合,并通过田间对比试验验证该装置的作业性能。试验结果表明:各因素对碎秸导流装置清秸覆秸性能有显著影响,其对清秸率影响的主次顺序依次为装置导流宽度、装置导流长度、径向距离,对种带宽度变异系数影响的主次顺序依次为装置导流长度、径向距离、装置导流宽度;最佳参数组合设计为装置导流长度300mm、径向距离19mm和装置导流宽度298mm,其对应指标清秸率为91.83%,种带宽度变异系数为10.36%,其田间试验对应指标清秸率为90.75%,种带宽度变异系数为10.94%,仿真与田间试验结果基本吻合。研究结果可为全秸硬茬地的小麦机播作业提供技术与装备支持,亦可为碎秸行间集覆还田的碎秸导流装置参数优化提供参考。The rice-wheat alternate planting system is the main grain production model in most areas of China which has a great significance to ensure food security in China. The wheat sowing season after the rice harvest is relatively short, combined with the complexity of the traditional wheat planting process, which not only result in the higher sowing costs, but also fails to complete all works during the wheat sowing season.. Seeding directly in the field without straw treatment is an effective way to avoid the aforementioned problems. However, the following issues often occur during the application: for example, the soil-buried parts of the machine are blocked by grass which can’t guarantee the steady operation;a large amount of straw is mixed into the soil which will take the seeds outside the soil and lead to the seeds exposed. To handle the above problems, this paper provided a new sowing method and an efficient guiding device, which adopted the planting technology in the full amount of straw and root stubble field. After the straw was pulverized, all the smashed straw could be placed on inter-rows by using the guiding device to form a sown strip containing few stalks, and the subsequent sowing operations could be completed on the strip. Through the theoretical analysis of the motion of the smashed straw, length of the diversion, radial distance and width of the diversion as key parameters affect the performance of the equipment were verified. The discrete element platform for simulating the operation of the device was established, and the platform mainly was composed of a pellet factory, a crushing device cover, a smashed straw guiding device and a soil trough. Based on the Box-Benhnken central composite test method and EDEM technique, the three-factor and three-level orthogonal rotating quadratic combination experiment was carried out with straw cleaned rate and variable coefficient of the strip width as the evaluation indexes. The influence of the three key parameters was analyzed. Furthermore, the regression

关 键 词：农业机械 离散元 优化 种带清秸 碎秸导流装置 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]