贵州水城典型铅锌矿区土壤和蔬菜中重金属累积特征及风险评价  

Accumulation characteristics and risk assessment for heavy metals in soil and vegetables in typical lead-zinc mining region of Shuicheng,Guizhou

作　　者：马先杰 陆凤 陈兰兰 冯乾伟 蒋宗宏 陈淼[1] MA Xianjie;LU Feng;CHEN Lanlan;FENG Qianwei;JIANG Zonghong;CHEN Miao(College of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Guizhou University,Guiyang Guizhou 550025;Guiyang Architectural Design & Surveying Prospecting Co.,Ltd.,Guiyang Guizhou 550002)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学资源与环境工程学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵阳建筑勘察设计有限公司,贵州贵阳550002

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2019年第10期1227-1232,共6页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目（黔科合LH字〔2017〕7291号）

摘　　要：以贵州水城茨冲永昌、仁活洞杉树林和凉山玉兰3个典型铅锌矿区为研究对象,采集了白菜、辣椒、玉米、马铃薯、黄豆、四季豆6种蔬菜样品及其对应的根际土壤样品。分析了蔬菜与土壤中Pb、Zn、Ni、Cd、Cr、As、Hg、Cu8种重金属的含量及蔬菜对根际土壤重金属的累积特征,同时采用内梅罗综合污染指数法、目标危险系数法及综合质量影响指数法对土壤及蔬菜重金属污染进行评价。结果表明:根际土壤中Pb、Zn、Ni、Cd、Cr、As、Hg、Cu总平均值分别为1198.2、2378.8、53.0、7.0、122.6、56.9、0.37、107.5mg/kg,分别是贵州土壤环境背景值的34.0、23.9、1.4、10.0、1.3、2.8、3.4、3.4倍;不同蔬菜对土壤中不同重金属的富集能力有较大差异;内梅罗综合污染指数表明,研究区土壤中8种重金属均属于重污染;蔬菜中重金属对当地儿童、青壮年、中老年的总健康风险指数均大于1,存在健康风险;综合质量影响指数也表明,研究区的综合质量属于重度污染。3 typical lead-zinc mining regions,Yongchang in Cichong,Shanshulin in Renhuodong and Yulan in Liangshan of Shuicheng,Guizhou were taken as the research object. 6 kinds of vegetables samples,including Chinese cabbage,pepper,maize,potato,soybean and kidney bean were collected,as well as their rhizosphere soil. The concentrations of heavy metals (Pb,Zn,Ni,Cd,Cr,As,Hg and Cu) in rhizosphere soil and vegetables were determined. Enrichment characteristics of vegetables on heavy metals from rhizosphere soil were analyzed. At the same time,Nemerow integrated pollution index,target hazard quotient and influence index of comprehensive quality methods were used to evaluate the heavy metals pollution in rhizosphere soil and vegetables. Results showed that the total mean concentrations of Pb,Zn,Ni,Cd,Cr,As,Hg and Cu in the rhizosphere soil were 1 198.2,2 378.8,53.0,7.0,122.6, 56.9 ,0.37 and 107.5 mg/kg ,which was 34.0,23.9,1.4,10.0,1.3,2.8,3.4 and 3.4 times than the soil background values of Guizhou Province,respectively. Different vegetables had significantly different enrichment characteristics on different heavy metals. Nemerow integrated pollution index revealed that all the 8 heavy metals were at heavy pollution state. Total healthy index of 8 heavy metals in vegetables for children,young adults,middle-aged and older adults were greater than 1,posing health risk for residents. Influence index of comprehensive quality also showed a serious pollution.

关 键 词：土壤 蔬菜 重金属 累积特征 风险评价 铅锌矿区 

分 类 号：X503.231[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X820.4X53