基于绿色发展的我国近海渔业资源开发利用  

Development and Utilization of Inshore Fishery Resources in China Based on Green Development

作　　者：张广帅 闫吉顺[1] 赵全民[1] 蔡悦荫[1] 宫玮[1] ZHANG Guangshuai;YAN Jishun;ZHAO Quanmin;CAI Yueyin;GONG Wei(National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center,Dalian 116023,China)

机构地区：[1]国家海洋环境监测中心

出　　处：《海洋开发与管理》2019年第10期40-43,共4页Ocean Development and Management

基　　金：国家海洋局业务支持项目“自然资源有偿出让制度研究”(2017-Z-05);国家海洋环境监测中心博士启动基金项目“辽东湾典型河口湿地生态系统服务价值与健康评价”(2019-A-03)

摘　　要：为保护我国近海渔业资源,实现海洋渔业的绿色发展,文章梳理我国近海渔业资源开发利用状况,结合存在的问题及其对海洋生态环境的影响,提出对策建议。研究结果表明:2017年我国近海海水养殖产量同比略有提高,海洋捕捞产量同比略有降低;2008-2017年养殖空间有所优化,以筏式养殖和底播养殖为主,深水网箱养殖和工厂化养殖的产量显著提高,海洋捕捞以拖网捕捞为主;我国近海渔业资源开发利用存在海水养殖能力与养殖面积不相称、养殖空间日趋萎缩和超负荷、养殖低效以及海洋捕捞能力不均和强度较高等问题,给海洋生态环境带来污染海水环境、占用生态空间和破坏渔业资源等不利影响,亟须完善海洋生态补偿制度、促进渔业资源恢复和合理开发利用渔业资源。In order to protect the inshore fishery resources more effectively and realize the green development pattern,the paper made analysis on current situation of mariculture and inshore fishing during the last decade,and put forward further policy suggestion combined with the present existing issues and main ecological environmental impacts.Results showed that output of mariculture in 2017 increased steadily,while yields of marine fishing decreased slightly.With the growth proportion of mariculture in deep water cage or in factory,the special pattern tended to be more optimized.However,raft and bottom mariculture remained in dominant status.Marine fishing presently is still dominated by trawling.The main issues of utilization of marine fishery resources can be summarized in the following four areas:the ill-matched status between mariculture capacity and its cover area,the shrink and overload of mariculture space,the inefficiency of mariculture model and the high intensity of inshore fishing with unbalanced technology.These problems are adversely affecting the environmental status,space structure and the inshore fishery resources of the marine ecosystem.Based on the above results,policies such as marine ecology compensation system,marine ecological restoration and development of marine ranching are urgent to be perfected.This study will provide references for the integrated management of marine ecosystem and green development.

关 键 词：海洋渔业 海洋生态环境 资源环境承载力 生态补偿 海洋生物资源 

分 类 号：P745[天文地球—海洋生物学] S931.1[天文地球—海洋科学]