影响普通话鼻音韵尾的几种因素——语音实验的证据  

Influential factors on nasal codas in Mandarin Chinese: Evidence from phonetic experiments

作　　者：时秀娟[1] 张婧祎 石锋[2] SHI Xiujuan;ZHANG Jingyi;SHI Feng

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学文学院,天津 [2]南开大学文学院,天津

出　　处：《中国语文》2019年第5期578-589,639,共13页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“普通话语音标准声学和感知参数数据库建设”(13&ZD134)子课题“鼻音声学和听辨标准参数”的成果之一

摘　　要：通过考察普通话单字音鼻音韵尾鼻化度的主体分布、极限分布及分布区间的比率,我们发现正常鼻尾的鼻化度主要分布在80~100之间,80~60是弱化鼻尾的分布区域,60~40之间是鼻化鼻尾的分布区域。影响鼻音韵尾的因素除鼻音韵尾的发音部位、元音的舌位和声调外,音节的组合结构也有影响。量化分析很清楚地看到了这些影响因素对鼻音韵尾的影响程度。普通话鼻音韵尾的弱化、鼻化是客观存在,与汉语鼻音韵尾历时的演化基本相吻合。鼻音韵尾弱化、鼻化直至脱落的进程是由低元音韵母带前鼻音韵尾且为去声的音节开始。By investigating the major distribution and polar distribution of nasals and their degree of nasalization in Mandarin Chinese, the paper notices that the degree of normal nasal coda is mainly distributed in the range of 80 to 100 and 80 to 60 is for the weakened nasal coda, and below 60 till 40 is the distribution of nasalized coda. Factors which may influence nasal codas in Mandarin include: its place of articulation, vowel backness, tones and the composition and structure of the syllable. This is clearly shown in quantitative analysis. The weakening and nasalization of Mandarin nasal coda not only can be measured objectively, but also are consistent with the diachronic evolution of nasal codas in Chinese. The process of weakening, nasalization and even dropping of the nasal coda is supposed to have begun with syllables consisting of a low vowel and a front nasal coda in Departing tone.

关 键 词：鼻化度 弱化 鼻化 主体分布 极限分布 

分 类 号：H116[语言文字—汉语]