“顾炎武方案”与央地关系构建:寓活力于秩序  

Gu Yanwu’s Scheme and Central-local Government Relationship Construction: Vitality Embodied in Order

作　　者：吕冰洋[1,2] LV Bingyang(Renmin University of China,100872)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学财政金融学院 [2]中国人民大学财政金融政策研究中心

出　　处：《财贸经济》2019年第10期50-65,共16页Finance & Trade Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“现代治理框架中的中国财税体制研究”(16ZDA027)

摘　　要：央地关系是一个国家的基础性制度安排,对经济、社会和政治运行具有重大影响。研究认为,秩序是国家治理的重要核心概念,中国央地关系深受郡县制传统的影响,郡县制传统有利于提高组织效率和建立国家秩序,但对国家治理也有较大的负面作用;在央地关系处理中,信息复杂性、信息不对称性、地方政府规模和数量,决定着活力与秩序这一矛盾的转化方向;顾炎武“寓封建于郡县”方案的本质,是在处理央地关系问题上同时兼顾活力与秩序的探索。借鉴顾炎武思想,本文提出“寓活力于秩序”的央地关系改革方案,即赋予县级单位更多行政和财政自主权,强调分权和活力,在县级以上单位实行中央政府的垂直管理,强调集权和秩序,形成“哑铃式分权结构”,并提出了相应的改革路径。Central-local government relationship is a very important institutional arrangement for a country and it has great influence on the economic,social and political operations.The research of this paper finds that order is an important core concept of governance;today China’s central-local government relationship has been deeply influenced by its historical tradition of the system of prefectures and counties which could help improve organizational efficiency and construe the state order,but with inevitably negative effects on state governance;while dealing with the central-local government relationship,the complex,asymmetrical information,the size and quantity of local governments will determine the conversion between vitality and order.Gu Yanwu s scheme is in essence trying to strike a balance between vitality and order in the central-local government relationship.Based on Gu s scheme,this paper puts forward the central-local government relationship reform scheme“Vitality Embodied in Order”:it gives county-level governments more autonomy power and emphasizes decentralization and vitality;it advocates the vertical management by the central government above the county level and emphasizes centralization and order to form a“dumbbell-like”power structure.This paper proposes a detailed reform plan design.

关 键 词：央地关系 郡县制 财政分析 信息不对称 

分 类 号：F810.2[经济管理—财政学]