贵州省城乡居民高血压患病情况及其影响因素分析  

Prevalence and influencing factors of hypertension among urban and rural residents of Guizhou province

作　　者：刘志军 欧凤英 饶文博 廖小松 陈珍 周青 王淼 楚亚林 朱晓荣 吴芳 刘国琴 LIU Zhi-jun;OU Feng-ying;RAO Wen-bo(Department of Applied Psychology,School of Management,ZunyiMedical University ,Zunyi,Guizhou Province 563000,China)

机构地区：[1]遵义医科大学管理学院应用心理学教研室

出　　处：《中国公共卫生》2019年第10期1311-1316,共6页Chinese Journal of Public Health

基　　金：国家“十二五”科技支撑项目(2011BAI11B01)

摘　　要：目的了解贵州省城乡居民高血压患病情况及其影响因素,为制定适宜的防治策略提供参考依据。方法于2014年9月-2015年10月采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法在贵州省贵阳市南明区、遵义市红花岗区、毕节市七星关区、都匀市、凤冈县、关岭县、沿河县、兴仁县等8个区/县抽取11458名≥15岁常住居民进行问卷调查和体格检查。结果贵州省11458名≥15岁居民中,城市居民5545人(48.39%),农村居民5913人(51.61%)。贵州省城乡居民高血压的患病率为28.78%;高血压知晓率为43.27%,治疗率为35.20%,控制率为28.42%。城市居民高血压患病率(21.75%)低于农村居民高血压患病率(35.38%),城市居民高血压知晓率(46.43%)高于农村居民高血压知晓率(41.40%),城市居民高血压治疗率(39.55%)高于农村居民高血压治疗率(32.70%),城市居民高血压控制率(38.99%)高于农村居民高血压控制率(21.05%),差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄≥45岁、在婚、吸烟、饮酒、睡眠不足、睡眠过长、有高血压家族史、超重、肥胖和中心性肥胖是贵州省城市居民高血压患病的危险因素,文化程度初中及以上是贵州省城市居民高血压患病的保护因素;年龄≥35岁、吸烟、睡眠不足、睡眠过长、有高血压家族史、超重、肥胖和中心性肥胖是贵州省农村居民高血压患病的危险因素,文化程度初中及以上是贵州省农村居民高血压患病的保护因素。结论贵州省城乡居民高血压患病率较高,城市居民高血压患病率低于农村居民,但高血压知晓率、治疗率和控制率均高于农村居民;年龄、文化程度、吸烟情况、睡眠时间、有无高血压家族史、体质指数和是否中心性肥胖是当地城市和农村居民高血压患病的共同影响因素。Objective To examine the prevalence and associated factors of hypertension among urban and rural residents in Guizhou province and to provide references for developing appropriate strategies for treatment and prevention of hypertension. Methods Using stratified multi-stage random sampling, we carried out a questionnaire interview and physical examination among 11 458 residents (5 545 [48.39%] urban and 5 913 [51.61%] rural residents) aged 15 years and older in 4 urban and 4 rural regions of Guizhou province between September 2014 and October 2015. Results Among the all residents, the overall prevalence rate of hypertension was 28.78% and the hypertension prevalence rate was lower among the urban residents than among the rural residents (21.75% vs. 35.38%). For all the residents identified with hypertension, the rate of awareness about suffering from hypertension was 43.27%, with a significantly higher awareness rate among urban than among rural residents with hypertension (46.43% vs. 41.40%, P < 0.01);the treatment rate and the control rate of hypertensive residents were 35.20% and 28.42%, with significantly higher treatment rate and control rate among the urban than among the rural hypertensive residents (39.55% vs. 32.70% and 38.99% vs. 21.05%, both P < 0.01). Multivariate unconditional logistic regression revealed that for urban residents, risk factors of hypertension were aged ≥ 45 years, married, smoking, alcohol drinking, insufficient sleeping, excessive sleeping, familial history of hypertension, overweight, obesity, and central obesity;while, for rural residents, the risk factors of hypertension included aged 35 years and elder, smoking, insufficient sleeping, excessive sleeping, familial history of hypertension, overweight, obesity and central obesity;whereas, with the education of junior high school and higher was a protective factor for both urban and rural residents. Conclusion The prevalence rate of hypertension is relatively high among urban and rural residents 15 years old and elder in Guizhou pr

关 键 词：高血压 患病 影响因素 城乡居民 

分 类 号：R544.1[医药卫生—心血管疾病]