“极端民主化”现象与中共组织形态的曲变——基于对八七会议后中共顺直省委三次改组的考察  

The Phenomenon of "Extreme Democratization" and the Organizational Form Changes of the Communist Party of China——Based on the Investigation of the Three Reorganizations of Shunzhi Provincial Party Committee after the August 7th Conference

作　　者：闾小波[1] Lv Xiaobo

机构地区：[1]南京大学政府管理学院政治学系

出　　处：《苏区研究》2019年第5期19-41,共23页

摘　　要：在中国共产党的政治话语中,"极端民主化"作为一个负面的概念出现在八七会议后并非偶然。最早提出这一概念的是蔡和森,他在代表中央巡视中共顺直省委期间大声疾呼党内政治生活应坚持民主集中制,但要避免出现极端民主化。然而,吊诡的是,极端民主化反而成了顺直省委内部一些不服从者指控蔡和森改组该省委时犯有的严重错误之一,随后中央接受了这一指控,并将蔡和森开除出中央政治局和常委会,他本人也坦然接受并作了近乎污名化的检讨。不久,共产国际要求撤销对蔡和森的处分。重审"蔡案",考察极端民主化这一概念的创生及使用过程,可以发现大革命失败后中共的组织形态由脆弱的集权型组织一度曲变为紧张的纷争型组织,这种曲变缘于诸多复杂因素的叠加。大革命失败后,共产党所属的军事力量的分散化与地方化为中共克服极端民主化、纠正曲变的组织形态提供了可能,这其中的经验教训值得深刻吸取。In the political discourse of the Communist Party of China,it was not accidental that " extreme democratization" appeared as a negative concept after the August Seventh Conference.Cai Hesen was the first person who put forward this concept.During his visit to the Shunzhi Provincial Party Committee,he advocated that political life within the Party should adhere to democratic centralism, and meanwhile avoid " extreme democratization".However,paradoxically," extreme democratization" has become one of the serious mistakes which some disobedients in the Shunzhi Provincial Party Committee accused Cai Hesen of in reorganizing the Provincial Party Committee.Subsequently, the Central Committee accepted the accusation and dismissed Cai Hesen from the Political Bureau and the Standing Committee of the Central Committee.Cai Hesen himself accepted the accusation calmly as well and made an almost stigmatized self - criticism.Soon after,the Communist International demanded that Cai Hesen's punishment be revoked.In the retrial of the " Cai" case,the creation and using process of the " extreme democratization" concept revealed that the organizational form of the Communist Party of China had changed from a fragile centralized organization to a tense disputed one after the failure of the Great Revolution.This change was due to the superposition of many complex factors.After the failure of the Great Revolution,the decentralization and localization of the military forces affiliated to the Communist Party made it possible for the CPC to overcome " extreme democratization" and rectify the distorted organizational form,among which the experience and lessons should be learned profoundly.

关 键 词：极端民主化 集权型组织 纷争型组织 蔡和森 顺直省委 

分 类 号：D231[政治法律—政治学]