碳硼烷衍生物的合成与应用进展  

Recent progress on synthesis and application of carborane derivatives

作　　者：陈浩楠 王锐[1] 肖金武[1] 刘卫东 王园园[1] 张先瑞[1] CHEN Haonan;WANG Rui;XIAO Jinwu;LIU Weidong;WANGYuanyuan;ZHANG Xianrui(Science and Technology on Aerospace Chemical Power Laboratory,Hubei Institute of Aerospace Chemical Technology,Xiangyang 441003, China)

机构地区：[1]航天化学动力技术重点实验室湖北航天化学技术研究所

出　　处：《固体火箭技术》2019年第5期585-590,603,共7页Journal of Solid Rocket Technology

摘　　要：碳硼烷衍生物具有燃烧热值高,与配方组分相容性好等特点。在推进剂领域,现阶段主要将其用作高燃速配方的燃速调节剂,可明显提升燃速并兼具其他功能;将其作为高性能燃料可改善富燃料推进剂的燃烧性能、能量性能等,具有良好发展前景。简介了碳硼烷的结构、性质。阐述了碳硼烷衍生物的主要合成方法,并从关键原材料的制备角度分析了制约碳硼烷衍生物应用发展的因素。概括了碳硼烷的四种改性途径。综述了碳硼烷衍生物在国内外军民领域的应用进展,主要总结了其作为功能化燃速调节剂、高性能燃料在推进剂中的研究现状。简介了其在耐高温材料、生物医学材料、光电材料等领域的应用情况。最后,指出未来应针对富燃料推进剂的需求强化功能化碳硼烷衍生物的合成及使用性能研究。Carborane derivatives possess high heat of combustion and they are compatible with the ingredients of propellants. They are mainly used as burn rate regulators for high burning rate formulations at present, and they also have some positive effects. The prospects of using them as fuels for fuel-rich propellants are exceptional. They can improve the combustion performance and energy content. Therefore, in this paper, the structures and properties of carborane derivatives are briefly introduced. The main synthetic methods of carborane derivatives are described. Based on the key raw materials for their synthesis, the reason that limited the application and development of carborane derivatives is proposed. In addition, four ways of their modifications are summarized. In civil and military fields, the application progresses of carborane derivatives at home and abroad are reviewed. The research status of functional burning rate regulators and high-property fuels is summarized. The applications of heat-resistant materials, biomedical materials, optoelectronic materials and other fields are introduced as well. In the future, the studies on synthesis and performance of functionalized carborane derivatives should be strengthened to meet the needs of fuel-rich propellants.

关 键 词：碳硼烷 高热值 固体推进剂 燃料 

分 类 号：V512[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]