珠江三角洲崖门镇地区水稻田土壤-植物系统中硒元素分布特征及迁移规律研究  

Distribution and Migration Characteristics of Selenium in the Soil-Plant System of Paddy Fields in the Pearl River Delta, Yamen Town

作　　者：顾涛[1] 赵信文[1] 雷晓庆 黄长生[1] 曾敏[1] 刘学浩[1] 王节涛[1] GU Tao;ZHAO Xin-wen;LEI Xiao-qing;HUANG Chang-sheng;ZENG Min;LIU Xue-hao;WANG Jie-tao(Wuhan Center of Geological Survey, China Geological Survey, Wuhan 430205, China;State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environment Geology, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局武汉地质调查中心,湖北武汉430205 [2]中国地质大学(武汉)生物地质与环境地质实验室,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《岩矿测试》2019年第5期545-555,共11页Rock and Mineral Analysis

基　　金：国家重点研究计划项目(2018YFC1800804);中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20190291)

摘　　要：硒在自然环境中的分布及迁移规律一直是研究热点。多目标区域地球化学调查成果表明,珠三角地区土壤硒含量较为丰富,适宜富硒特色农产品种植,但土壤-植物系统中硒的迁移转化规律尚不清楚。本文以典型富硒区—江门市崖门镇为例,系统采集了岩石、风化土、稻田土壤、浅层地下水、灌溉水及水稻样品,应用原子荧光光谱法进行硒含量测试,探讨土壤-植物系统中硒元素分布特征及迁移规律。结果表明:崖门镇花岗岩、花岗岩风化土、稻田表层土壤、剖面土壤、浅层地下水、灌溉水、大米硒含量平均值分别为0.0208mg/kg、0.2325mg/kg、0.5060mg/kg、0.83mg/kg、0.0003mg/L、0.0004mg/L、0.058mg/kg,表层土壤硒含量与珠江三角洲土壤地球化学背景值(0.51mg/kg)相当,大米硒含量达到富硒稻谷标准。土壤-植物系统中硒元素迁移规律为:土壤剖面硒元素向下部迁移,沿径流方向硒向下游迁移。土壤硒较易向水稻根部迁移,较难从根部向水稻地上部分迁移。本研究获得的土壤-植物系统硒元素分布与迁移规律可为该地区富硒资源开发利用提供科学依据。BACKGROUND: The distribution and migration of selenium in the natural environment is a hot topic. The results of a multi-purpose, regional, geochemical survey showed that the content of selenium in the Pearl River Delta Region soils was relatively high, which was suitable for the planting of selenium-rich agricultural products. However, the rule of selenium migration and transformation in the soil-plant system is not yet clear. OBJECTIVES: To understand the distribution and migration of selenium in the soil-plant system. METHODS: Taking Yamen Town, Jiangmen City, a typical selenium-rich area in the Pearl River Delta region as an example, selenium contents in rocks, weathered soils, paddy soils, shallow groundwater, irrigation water and rice samples were analyzed by atomic fluorescence spectrometry. RESULTS: The mean selenium concentrations in the granite rocks, granite weathered soils, surface soils, profile soils, shallow groundwater, irrigation water and rice of Yamen Town were 0.0208mg/kg, 0.2325mg/kg, 0.5060 mg/kg, 0.83mg/kg, 0.0003mg/L, 0.0004mg/L and 0.058mg/kg, respectively. The selenium contents in surface soils were equivalent to the soil background value of the Pearl River Delta (0.51mg/kg), the selenium contents of rice reached the standard of selenium-rich rice. CONCLUSIONS: The rules of selenium migration in the soil-plant system are as follows: selenium migrates downward in the soil profiles, and migrates downstream along the direction of groundwater runoff. Soil selenium migrates to rice root easily, but migrates with difficulty from roots to the overground parts of rice. The study on the distribution and migration of selenium in the soil-plant system can provide a scientific basis for the exploitation and utilization of selenium-rich resources in this area.

关 键 词：水稻田 硒 原子荧光光谱法 土壤-植物系统 分布 迁移 

分 类 号：S151.93[农业科学—土壤学] O657.31[农业科学—农业基础科学]