元素周期表的创立及其三次重要拓展——纪念门捷列夫周期表发表150周年  

The creation and three important expansions of periodic table of elements——commemorating the 150th anniversary of Mendeleev’s periodic table

作　　者：蔡善钰[1] CAI Shan-Yu(Isotope Department, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413,China)

机构地区：[1]中国原子能科学研究院同位素研究所

出　　处：《物理》2019年第10期625-632,共8页Physics

摘　　要：今年是门捷列夫周期表发表150周年。文章简要回顾了“元素周期律”发现和“元素周期表”创立这一历史事件。着重阐述了元素周期表的三次重要拓展:“天然放射性元素”的发现;“人工放射性元素”(人造元素)的合成和“超重元素”的合成。现今周期表中元素总量已从63种增加到118种。文章最后还探讨了“超重核稳定岛”的预言和元素周期表的边界。This year marks the 150th anniversary of the first publication of the periodic table of elements by M endeleev.Here, the historical events about the discovery of the "Periodic Law" and the creation of "Periodic Table of Elements" are briefly reviewed.Three important expansions of the periodic table are specifically described: the discovery of "Natural Occurring Radioactive Elements", the synthesis of "Man-Made Elements", and the synthesis of "Superheavy Elements". The current periodic table has 118 confirmed elements in which only contained 63 elements in 1869. Furthermore, the prediction of the "Island of Stability" for superheavy elements and the edge of the periodic table are discussed.

关 键 词：元素周期表 天然放射性元素 人造元素 超重元素 超重核稳定岛 

分 类 号：O6-64[理学—化学]