紧急状态与魏玛共和——以《魏玛宪法》第48条为中心  

An Emergency State and the Weimar Republic:A Focus on Article 48 of The Weimar Constitution

作　　者：方旭[1] FANG Xu(School of Marxism Studies,The Party School of Chongqing Committee of CPC,Chongqing 400042,China)

机构地区：[1]中共重庆市委党校马克思主义学院

出　　处：《海南大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2019年第5期18-24,共7页Journal of Hainan University （Humanities & Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(17XKS016);中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目(2019M650953)

摘　　要：从立法实践来看,《魏玛宪法》是全世界第一部内置紧急条款的宪法,魏玛共和国也是德国历史上首次议会民主制度的“政治试验”。后世对这部宪法的评价毁誉参半:一方面,《魏玛宪法》是德国历史上第一部民主宪法,从宪法字面上看,它可谓是最符合当代西方法学家口味的宪法,也被称之为世界上最自由、最民主的宪法。另一方面,由于魏玛宪法中设置了一个保留君主权力的紧急条款(《魏玛宪法》第48条),德国宪法学界对之一直聚讼纷纭。From the legislative practice,The Weimar Constitution is the first constitution with built-in emergency clauses in the world.The Weimar Republic is also the first“political test”of the parliamentary democracy in German history.The evaluation of this constitution in later generations is mixed.On the one hand,The Weimar Constitution is the first democratic constitution in German history.Literally,it can be the constitution that best meets the taste of contemporary Western jurists,and is also regarded as the freest and most democratic in the world.On the other hand,an urgent clause that preserves the power of the monarch(Article 48 of The Weimar Constitution)also incurs controversy among the constitutional community in Germany.

关 键 词：《魏玛宪法》第48条 紧急状态 马克斯·韦伯 卡尔·施米特 

分 类 号：D59[政治法律—政治学]