发展地理学视角下欠发达地区贫困的地方分异与治理  

Local differentiation and alleviation of poverty in underdeveloped areas based on development geography

作　　者：刘小鹏[1,2] 李伟华 王鹏 王亚娟[3] 程静 马存霞 LIU Xiaopeng;LI Weihua;WANG Peng;WANG Yajuan;CHENG Jing;MA Cunxia(School of Resources and Environment,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Research Center of Rural Revitalization Strategy,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;School of Economics and Management,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学资源环境学院,银川750021 [2]宁夏乡村振兴战略研究中心,银川750021 [3]宁夏大学经济管理学院,银川750021

出　　处：《地理学报》2019年第10期2108-2122,共15页Acta Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41761025,41761024,41461039,41261021)~~

摘　　要：在梳理发展地理学的发展过程、基本理论、分析模式和方法的基础上,结合中国解决区域性整体贫困目标和可持续发展本地化与减贫的学术探索,构建了欠发达地区贫困的发展地理学分析框架,建立了由经济地理资本、社会地理资本、文化地理资本、生态地理资本和政治地理资本构成的“五位一体”地理资本指标体系,提出了数据处理集成方法和技术流程,系统分析欠发达地区贫困的地方分异与治理方案。实证研究显示:①地理探测可以确定作用地方贫困的主导地理资本,各主导地理资本对贫困发生率的决定力LA, P ≥ 0.15;②在不同主导地理资本作用下,5个单维地理资本指数及其合成的区域地理资本指数地方分异明显,存在阻隔和时滞特征;③贫困的地方分异可分为经济地理资本约束型、经济—社会地理资本约束型、经济—社会—生态地理资本约束型、经济—社会—文化—生态地理资本约束型4大类共7小类;④立足发展特征,挖掘地方动力,提出不同贫困分异类型的地方治理对策和模式。乡村振兴和2020年的减贫转向,应重视欠发达地区贫困的空间分异与空间扩散、空间整合的综合研究,为可持续发展本地化与减贫提供发展地理学解决方案。The development of development geography stems from the study of underdeve-lopment and poverty. On the basis of combing the development process, basic theories, analytical models and methods of development geography, and combined with China's academic exploration of regional overall poverty alleviation and localization and poverty reduction of sustainable development, this paper constructs an analytical framework of development geography of poverty in underdeveloped areas, and establishes the "five-in-one" geographical capital index system composed of economic geographical capital, social geographic capital, cultural geographic capital, ecological geographic capital and political geographic capital. The integration method and technical flow of data processing are put forward to analyze the local differentiation of poverty in underdeveloped areas. The results show that:(1) Geographical detection determined the leading geographic capital that plays a role in poverty, and the determinative force of each leading geographic capital on the poverty incidence LA,P ≥ 0.15;(2) Under the action of different dominant geographical capitals, the five single-dimensional geographic capital indexes and their synthetic regional geographic capital indices have obvious local differentiation, and have the characteristics of barrier and time delay;(3) The poor local differentiation can be divided into four types: economic geographical capital constraint, economic-social geographical capital constraint, economic-social-ecological geographical capital constraint, and economic-social-cultural-ecological geographical capital constraint;(4) Based on the characteristics of development, we tap the local dynamics and put forward the targeted countermeasures and models of different types to alleviate local poverty. Under the background of rural vitalization and the 2020 poverty alleviation shift, it is necessary to focus on the comprehensive research on spatial differentiation, spatial diffusion and spatial integration of poverty in less dev

关 键 词：欠发达地区 贫困 地理资本 地方分异 治理 发展地理学 

分 类 号：F323.8[经济管理—产业经济] K901[历史地理—人文地理学]