珲春河下近距离煤层开采及对河堤损害影响的研究  

Research on river dike failure of short-distance coal seams mining under Hunchun River

作　　者：李江华 李宏杰[1,2] 李在春 吴作启[1,2] LI Jianghua;LI Hongjie;LI Zaichun;WU Zuoqi(Mine Safety Technology Branch,China Coal Research Institute,Beijing 100013,China;State Key Laboratory of Coal Mining and Clean Utilization(China Coal Research Institute),Beijing 100013,China;Hunchun Coal Mining Co.,Ltd.,Hunchun 133300,China)

机构地区：[1]煤炭科学技术研究院有限公司安全分院,北京100013 [2]煤炭资源高效开采与洁净利用国家重点实验室(煤炭科学研究总院),北京100013 [3]珲春矿业(集团)有限责任公司,吉林珲春133300

出　　处：《采矿与岩层控制工程学报》2020年第1期33-42,共10页Journal of Mining and Strata Control Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51804162);国家科技重大专项资助项目(2 016ZX05045001-004)

摘　　要：河下采煤易造成的河堤下沉、堤防损坏,将导致河水外溢、河堤失稳,降低行洪能力,从而诱发安全事故。河下采煤应将资源开发利用与河流、河堤的防护协同开展。以珲春河下近距离煤层组开采为例,通过分析井田含水层与地表水的水力联系,得出井田第四系砂砾含水层、煤系风化带含水层与上部珲春河水力联系密切。煤层组顶板为中硬类型,岩石极易软化,泥岩遇水易膨胀、崩解,对裂隙有弥合作用。近距离煤层开采导水裂缝带最大高度为56.95m,距珲春河较远,波及不到珲春河水体。为使珲春河、第四系砂砾含水层及古近系风化含水带不受开采的影响,在风化含水带下留设防水安全煤岩柱进行保水开采,经计算19b,20煤保水开采上限标高分别为-110,-134m。采用概率积分法评价近距离煤层工作面相继开采对地表河堤的影响,结果表明,随着采动工作面的增多,采动范围的扩大,河堤下沉范围增大。河堤的最大水平变形值为3.4mm/m,在允许变形范围之内。但由于受采动影响,河堤局部范围出现一定的沉降,最大下沉值为2.61m,低于历年最高洪水位,为此提出开采期间河堤的防护措施,可对我国河下近距离煤层开采及河堤防护提供参考。Mining under river can cause dike subsidence and damage,which leads to the river overflowing and river dike loses stability. It reduces flood discharge capacity,therefore, flooding incidents happens. Coal mining under river and river dike protection should be considered and carried out together. Taking the mining of short-distance coal seams under Hunchun River as an example,quaternary gravel aquifer,weathering rock aquifer and Hunchun River have close hydraulic connections by analyzing the relationship of aquifers and surface water in the mining field. The bedrock on coal seams are medium hard and is easily soften. The mudstone is easily swelled and disintegrated, which can restrain the fracture extending. The maximum fissure zone height is 56.95 m in the working face of short-distance coal seams and the fracture cannot reach to Hunchun River. In order to not influence the quaternary gravel aquifer, weathering rock aquifer and Hunchun River after mining activities,water-proof safety coal and rock pillar was designed under the weathering belt. The calculation showed the upper limits of mining elevation of 19b and 20 coal seams were -110 m and -134 m, respectively. The influence of mining on river dike was evaluated through probability integral method,which indicated the mining influence area and settlement extent of river dike were enlarged. The maximum horizontal deformation of the dike with 3.4 mm/m is allowed. However,a certain subsidence occurred and the maximum subsidence reached to 2.61 m which is lower than the highest flood level of past years,so it is needed to put forward safeguard procedures for the river bank. The technology proposed has significant meaning for river bank protection with short-distance coal seams mining under Hunchun River.

关 键 词：河下采煤 近距离煤层 保水开采 河堤防护 

分 类 号：TD823.8[矿业工程—煤矿开采]