矿区桥梁变形监测的三维激光扫描技术  

Mine Bridge Subsidence Monitoring Based on 3D Laser Scanning Technique

作　　者：顾元元 陈冉丽[3] 吴侃[2] 王瑞[2,4] 周大伟[1,2] Gu Yuanyuan;Chen Ranli;Wu Kan;Wang Rui;Zhou Dawei(Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information Engineering of Jiangsu Province,Xuzhou 221116,China;School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116, China;Shijiazhuang Railway Vocational and Technical College,Shijiazhuang 050041,China;School of Applied Science,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou 341000,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省资源环境信息工程重点实验室,江苏徐州221116 [2]中国矿业大学环境与测绘学院,江苏徐州221116 [3]石家庄铁路职业技术学院,河北石家庄050041 [4]江西理工大学应用科学学院,江西赣州341000

出　　处：《金属矿山》2019年第10期188-193,共6页Metal Mine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:51604266)

摘　　要：在桥梁变形监测中,多采用全站仪或GPS对桥上少数关键点的坐标进行单点监测,存在外业劳动强度大、效率低等不足,同时由于观测点数量有限,仅能表现桥梁部分结构下沉及移动信息,对于桥梁结构变形监测一直缺乏有效的技术手段。以位于某矿区铁路桥煤柱二块工作面、08201工作面上方的桥梁为监测对象,使用Riegl VZ-1000型三维激光扫描仪,获取了两期铁路桥加固后完整的点云数据,通过拟合关键部位重心、特征线等步骤,较为精确且全面地得到桥梁位移及倾斜信息,反映出桥梁在空间三个维度上的姿态变化。通过对桥体侧面进行精细化建模,获得桥梁结构上的变形信息,分析是由于沉降及倾斜不均匀导致桥边跨、桥拱等位置产生的弯曲、扭剪应力效果,造成桥梁结构损坏。研究表明:使用三维激光扫描技术进行矿区桥梁变形监测,丰富了桥梁变形监测中数据的展现形式,突破了传统监测方法中单点监测的限制,有助于大幅提升矿区桥梁等建筑物变形监测精度和工作效率。In the process of monitoring bridge deformation,the conventional monitoring method usually uses the total station or GPS to perform single-point monitoring on the coordinates of a few key points on the bridge,which has the disadvantages of high labor intensity and low efficiency in the field,and only can be expressed due to the limited number of observation points.The sinking and moving information of the bridge structure has been lack of effective technical means for the deformation monitoring of the bridge structure.In this paper,the bridge over 08201 working face and railway bridge coal pillar No.2 working face of a mining area is used as the monitoring object.The Riegl VZ-1000 3D laser scanner is used to obtain the complete point cloud data after the reinforcement of the two railway bridges.It is more accurate by fitting the key points of the key parts and the characteristic lines.The bridge displacement and tilt information is comprehensively obtained,reflecting the attitude variation of the bridge in three dimensions of space. Fine-tuning the side of the bridge body to obtain the deformation of the bridge structure,and analyzing the bending and torsional shear stress effects of the bridge span and the bridge arch due to uneven settlement and tilting,resulting in structural damage.The study results show that the application of 3D laser scanning enriches the display form of data in bridge monitoring,breaks through the limitation of single point monitoring in traditional monitoring methods,besides that,it is also help for improving the precise and efficiency of deformation monitoring of bridges and other buildings in mining area.

关 键 词：三维激光扫描技术 桥梁 变形监测 下沉 倾斜 

分 类 号：TD17[矿业工程—矿山地质测量] P237[天文地球—摄影测量与遥感]