减量施肥条件下生物炭与耕作方式对玉米氮吸收及产量的影响  

Effect of biochar and tillage on nitrogen absorption and yield of maize under reduced fertilizer

作　　者：姜佰文[1] 许欣桐 张迪[1] 李威[1] 梁世鹏 徐赫男 王宇龙[1] 白雪 JIANG Baiwen;XU Xintong;ZHANG Di;LI Wei;LIANG Shipeng;XU Henan;WANG Yulong;Bai Xue(School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学资源与环境学院

出　　处：《东北农业大学学报》2019年第10期23-31,共9页Journal of Northeast Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0300806,2017YFD0201803）

摘　　要：研究采用大区试验,以种植在草甸黑土玉米鑫鑫1号为研究对象,在常规秸秆还田基础上,设置深翻(D)和旋耕(S)两种耕作方式,以常规施肥量F为对照,设置减量20%的减肥处理(F1),在减量施肥基础上设两个生物炭添加水平2500kg·hm^-2(B1)和5000kg·hm^-2(B2),共8个处理,研究减肥条件下,生物炭与耕作方式对玉米氮吸收和产量的影响,为减肥条件下玉米稳产提供科学依据。结果表明,减肥条件下玉米氮素积累和产量因耕作方式和生物炭施用量不同存在差异,深翻提高地上部氮素积累量和产量,较旋耕分别增加6.23%~8.02%,0.16%~6.61%;减肥条件下配施生物炭提高地上部氮素积累量和产量,深翻和旋耕条件下分别较减量施肥处理提高地上部氮素积累量6.24%和7.41%、6.10%和7.31%,提高产量8.95%和9.30%、10.21%和15.88%,且在深翻和旋耕条件下,B2较B1分别增产3.50%和5.14%。综上,在本试验减肥20%条件下,深翻和旋耕两种耕作方式配施高量生物炭(5000kg·hm^-2)有利于提高草甸黑土玉米氮素吸收和产量。In this study, a large-scale experiment was conducted to study maize variety Xinxin1 in meadow black soil. On the basis of conventional straw returning, deep tillage (D) and rotary tillage (S) were set up. Farmers' conventional fertilization (F) was used as the control, and 20% reduced fertilizer treatment (F1) was set up. On the basis of 20% reduced fertilizer, two levels of biochar addition were set up 2 500 kg· hm^-2 (B1) and 5 000 kg· hm^-2 (B2). Eight treatments were used to study the effects of biochar and tillage methods on nitrogen absorption and yield of maize under reduced fertilizer, so as to provide scientific basis for ensuring stable yield of crops under the condition of weight loss. The results showed that there were differences in nitrogen accumulation and yield of maize under the condition of reducing weight between tillage methods and biochar application rates. Deep tillage increased nitrogen accumulation and yield above ground by 6.23%-8.02% and 0.16%-6.61%, respectively, compared with rotary tillage. Biochar application increased nitrogen accumulation and yield above ground under the condition of reducing weight, while deep tillage and rotary tillage increased nitrogen accumulation and yield under the condition of reducing weight, respectively. Above- ground nitrogen accumulation was 6.24% and 7.41%, 6.10% and 7.31%, which increased yield by 8.95% and 9.30%, 10.21% and 15.88%, and B2 increased yield by 3.50% and 5.14% compared with B1 under deep tillage and rotary tillage, respectively. In conclusion, under the condition of 20% weight loss in this experiment, deep tillage and rotary tillage combined with high amount of biochar (5 000 kg· hm^-2) were conducive to improve nitrogen uptake and yield of maize in meadow black soil.

关 键 词：玉米 耕作方式 减量施肥 生物炭 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]