椰纤维生物炭对砖红壤水稻土Pb形态及水稻产量和品质的影响  

Effect of Coconut Fiber-derived Biochars Amendments on Geochemical Fractions of Pb in Paddy Soils and Yield and Quality of Rice

作　　者：张婧旻 李建宏 洪思诚 吴治澎[1] 李伯凌 赵庆杰[1] 邱勇[1,2] ZAHNG Jingmin;LI Jianhong;HONG Sicheng;WU Zhipeng;LI Boling;ZHAO Qingjie;QIU Yong(College of Tropical Crops,Hainan University,Haikou 570100,China;College of Oceanology and Food Science,Quanzhou Normal University,Quanzhou 362000,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学热带作物学院,海南海口570100 [2]泉州师范学院海洋与食品学院,福建泉州362000

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2019年第9期1886-1892,共7页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目（2017YFD0202101;2018YFD0800703）;国家自然科学基金项目（21866013）;海南省研究生创新课题项目（Hys2019-143)

摘　　要：为研究椰纤维生物炭(CFB)对铅(Pb)污染水稻土中Pb 形态和生物有效性的影响,以及对水稻(Oryza sativa L.)生长和品质的调控效果,以热带(海南)具有代表性的花岗岩和玄武岩母质发育的砖红壤水稻土为供试土壤,在6 种Pb 污染土壤(Pb 质量分数为0、50、250、500、2 500、5 000 mg·kg^-1)中添加质量分数为3%的CFB,并进行水稻盆栽试验,分析土壤EDTA 有效态Pb 含量和Pb 形态,及糙米Pb 含量、水稻产量和农艺性状的变化。结果表明:随Pb 污染量的增加,两种水稻土中各化学形态和有效态Pb 含量显著增加(P<0.05);CFB 的施用降低了土壤交换态、碳酸盐结合态和铁锰氧化物结合态Pb 含量,增加了有机结合态和残渣态含量;降低了供试土壤有效态Pb 含量,且玄武岩母质水稻土较花岗岩母质水稻土效果更显著。Pb 质量分数(250、500 mg·kg^-1)未超过国家农业用地风险管制值(GB15618—2018;≤500 mg·kg^-1)时,花岗岩水稻土、玄武岩水稻土中糙米Pb 含量依次超过食品安全国家标准(0.2 mg·kg^-1);Pb 胁迫未对水稻生长和农艺性状造成明显影响;而质量分数为5 000 mg·kg^-1时,Pb 胁迫抑制水稻生长、降低农艺性状,此时花岗岩和玄武岩中糙米Pb含量分别超过国家食品安全标准14、10 倍。CFB 能够缓解Pb 对水稻产量和品质的影响;Pb 质量分数为500 mg·kg^-1 时,CFB 的施用使玄武岩水稻土中糙米Pb 含量降低38.4%,符合食品安全国家标准。因此,椰纤维生物炭能够促使土壤中Pb向水稻难吸收的有机结合态和残渣态转化,降低有效态Pb 含量,减轻Pb 对水稻生长的毒害及在糙米中的累积。To investigate the effect of coconut fiber-derived biochar (CFB) on the geochemical fractions and bioavailability of lead (Pb) in Pb contaminated soils, and on the growth of rice plants and the quality of brown rice, granite-based and basalt-based paddy soils were collected from Hainan Province, and then 2 mm-sieved soils were mended with coconut fiber-derived biochars (CFB)(3%, w/w) under different Pb-levels (0, 50, 250, 500, 2 500 and 5 000 mg·kg^-1), the EDTA extractable Pb and contents of all Pb fractions in soils samples , the concentration of Pb in brown rice and rice growth and agronomic traits were analyzed. Results showed that the contents of all Pb fractions and EDTA extractable Pb in studied soils were increased significantly with the increasing of Pb contamination level;the CFB amendments decreased the Pb concentrations in exchangeable, carbonate bound and Fe/Mn oxides bound Pb fractions and the EDTA extractable Pb pool, but increased the concentrations of organic matter bound and residual Pb fractions in studied soils. Fixation effect of CFB on heavy metals in basalt-based soils than that of granite-based soils. Pb concentrations of brown rice in both granite-based soil and basalt-based soils exceeded the National standard of food safety (0.2 mg·kg^-1) through the concentration of soil Pb (250 and 500 mg·kg^-1) was no more than the Risk Intervention Values for Soil Contamination of Agricultural Land of Pb in China (500 mg·kg^-1). However, Pb toxicity did not significantly affect rice growth and agronomic traits. At 5 000 mg·kg^-1 Pb level, the rice growth and agronomic traits was deteriorated, and the Pb concentrations in brown rice from granite-based and basalt-based soils were 14 and 10 times than the National standard of food safety, respectively. CFB can effectively decrease the yield and quality of rice. At 500 mg·kg^-1 Pb level, the concentration of Pb in brown rice from basalt-based soil was decreased by 38.4% after CFB amendments, which was lower than the National standard of food safet

关 键 词：椰纤维生物炭 水稻土 铅形态 水稻 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]