生态大保护背景下长江流域水资源综合管理思考  

Discussion on integrated water resources management in Yangtze River Basin under background of ecological protection

作　　者：王建华[1] WANG Jianhua(State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research , Beijing 100038, China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室

出　　处：《人民长江》2019年第10期1-6,共6页Yangtze River

摘　　要：“共抓大保护,不搞大开发”是新时代长江流域生态文明建设和经济社会发展的总基调,水是其中的核心要素。受人类活动和气候变化诸多因素的复杂影响,长江流域涉水生态环境问题突出,亟需遵循系统观和整体观实施流域水资源综合管理,为流域高质量发展提供优质的水产品。以经济社会用水需求为出发点,从水资源量、水环境容量、水域空间、水能资源、水热容量5个维度系统梳理了水的资源属性。在此基础上,立足于“自然-社会”二元水循环全过程,聚焦陆域生态和水域生态两大主体,提出了包含陆域“产水侵蚀-用水效率-限制排污”三大过程管控和水域“量-质-域-流-温”五大属性管控的流域水资源“3+5”综合管理模式,并在长江流域进行了应用探讨。由此,较为全面地剖析了长江流域水生态系统治理存在的突出问题,并提出了针对性对策建议,为实现健康长江提供了集成性抓手。The policy of “Grasping Overall Protection and Avoiding Radical Exploration”, proposed by Xi Jinping, is the general tone of ecological civilization construction and economic and social development in the Yangtze River Basin in the new era, and water is the core element. Affected by the complex factors of human activities and climate change, the water-related ecological environment problems in the Yangtze River Basin is prominent. Consequently, it is urgent to implement integrated water resources management in the basin in accordance with the systematic and holistic view so as to provide high-quality aquatic products with the high-quality development of the basin. Taking the demand of economic and social water as the starting point, the resource attributes of water are sorted out from five dimensions: water quantity, water environment capacity, water space, water energy resources and water heat capacity. On this basis, based on the whole process of the “natural-society” dual water cycle, focusing on the two main bodies of land ecology and water ecology, the “3+5” integrated management model of water resources, which includes three main processes of land water including “Water Erosion-Water Use Efficiency-Limited Sewage Discharge” and five major attributes of “Quantity-Quality-Space-Streamflow-Heat”, is put forward. Then, the management model has been discussed in the Yangtze River Basin. Finally, the prominent problems in the management of the Yangtze River Basin aquatic ecosystem are analyzed comprehensively, and the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to provide an integrated grasp for the realization of the healthy Yangtze River.

关 键 词：水资源综合管理 水生态系统 健康长江 习近平生态文明思想 长江经济带 

分 类 号：TV213[水利工程—水文学及水资源]