长江流域省界断面水质监测制度的运行实效与立法建议——基于监测数据的实证分析  

Operational Effectiveness and Legislative Suggestions of Water Quality Monitoring System in Provincial Boundary Section of Yangtze River Basin: An Empirical Analysis Based on Monitoring Data

作　　者：邱秋[1,2] QIU Qiu

机构地区：[1]湖北经济学院法学院 [2]湖北水事研究中心

出　　处：《南京工业大学学报（社会科学版）》2019年第5期30-41,111,共13页Journal of Nanjing Tech University：Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“环境立法前评估制度研究”(16BFX099);长江水利委员会长江科学院项目“长江流域生态用水配置法律机制研究”(HX1758)

摘　　要：《长江保护法》是我国首次以国家法律的形式为特定流域立法,长江流域是我国跨省级行政区域最多、跨界问题最为复杂的流域。聚焦跨省界冲突与协调,从全流域高度提供富有操作性的具体制度,以加强流域与区域的协作,真正实现流域生态环境协同治理,是《长江保护法》的历史使命。省界断面水质监测制度是展现长江流域区域与流域互动关系最为典型的制度样本,其运行实效真实地反映了长江流域管理与区域管理的矛盾与协调,为《长江保护法》提供了现实的立法需求。本文采用长江流域省界断面水质监测的监测数据,通过实证分析,认为长江流域省界断面水质监测制度取得了明显的实际效果,对于流域各省级区域之间处理好上下游、左右岸关系发挥了积极作用。但是,各种监测数据的不一致,严重影响了该制度运行的法律实效,其深层原因,在于现行立法过于破碎,导致流域统筹缺位。统一监测是流域管理的关键要素,也是《长江保护法》的核心制度之一。建议在《长江保护法》中,通过统一流域监测事权、统一流域监测网络、统一流域监测结果的法律效力,统一流域监测信息的收集和发布,构建统一的流域监测法律制度,提升长江流域省界断面水质监测制度的运行实效。The Yangtze River Protection Law is the first legislation for a specific river basin in the form of national law in China. The Yangtze River Basin is the most extensive trans-provincial Administrative Region in China and the most complex trans-boundary problem. The historical mission of the Yangtze River Protection Law is to focus on cross-provincial conflicts and coordination,and to provide specific operational systems applicable throughout the whole river basin,so as to strengthen the coordination between the river basin and the region,thus fundamentally realizing the coordinated management of the ecological environment of the river basin. The water quality monitoring system of provincial boundary section is the most typical system sample showing the interaction between the Yangtze River basin region and the river basin. Its operation effect truly reflects the contradiction and coordination between the Yangtze River basin management and the regional management,and provides realistic legislative requirements for the Yangtze River Protection Law. Based on the monitoring data of water quality monitoring in the provincial boundary section of the Yangtze River Basin,and through empirical analysis,this paper believes that the water quality monitoring system in the provincial boundary section of the Yangtze River Basin has achieved obvious practical results,and has played a positive role in dealing with the relationship between upstream and downstream,left and right banks among the provincial regions of the Yangtze River Basin. However,the inconsistency of various monitoring data seriously affects the legal effect of the operation of the system. The deep reason is that the current legislation is too fragmented,which leads to the absence of overall planning for the river basin. Unified monitoring is the key element of river basin management and the core system of the Yangtze River Protection Law. We suggest that in the Law on the Protection of the Yangtze River,a unified legal system for river basin monitoring should b

关 键 词：《长江保护法》 省界断面水质监测 跨界水污染防治 流域统一监测 

分 类 号：D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]