柴达木盆地尕斯库勒盐湖地表水-地下水的转化与铀的补给通量  

The exchange relationship of surface water-groundwater and uranium flux in the Gas Hure Salt Lake of northwest Qaidam Basin,China

作　　者：韩积斌[1,2] 许建新 徐凯[1,2,3] 钟翼 秦西伟 马海州 HAN Jibin;XU Jianxin;XU Kai;ZHONG Yi;QIN Xiwei;MA Haizhou(Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, P. R. China;Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Geology and Environment of Salt Lakes, Xining 810008, P. R. China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院青海盐湖研究所,中国科学院盐湖资源综合高效利用重点实验室,西宁810008 [2]青海省盐湖地质与环境重点实验室,西宁810008 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《湖泊科学》2019年第6期1738-1748,共11页Journal of Lake Sciences

基　　金：中国科学院“西部之光”项目(Y910061016);青海省科技厅项目(2019-ZJ-7028)联合资助

摘　　要：流域范围内地表水和地下水转化对盐湖成盐元素的运移和富集具有十分重要的意义.本文通过尕斯库勒盐湖盆地内流域水体的水化学和B同位素特征识别了地表水和地下水之间的定量转化关系,在此基础上估算了流域中铀的补给通量.结果表明,流域水体中离子的分异除了蒸发浓缩作用之外,还受重力分异及掺杂作用的影响;上游库拉木勒克萨伊河和阿特阿特坎河水体在出山口附近转入地下并在中游补给地表水和地下水,其补给率分别占48.8%和51.2%,年均补给量分别为1.08×10^8和1.13×10^8 m^3/a;在中游至尾闾盐湖段,阿拉尔河和侧向补给对盐湖卤水的补给率占55.2%,深部水体的补给占44.8%;至少从5.7 ka以来,上游水体对盐湖卤水中铀的补给通量为4.11×10^3 t,在湖积平原黏土沉积带以及祁漫塔格山前局部还原带可能具有较大规模的铀矿.研究结果有助于建立盐湖盆地水循环模式、揭示卤水资源形成机制;同时为尕斯库勒盐湖盆地水资源的高效利用和寻找铀矿提供理论依据和技术支持.Surface water and groundwater exchanging is of great significance for elements migration and enrichment of salt lakes in Qaidam Basin. The paper focus on the exchanging relationship between surface water and groundwater quantitatively and evaluating the uranium recharge flux in the Gas Hure Salt Lake Basin with the use of an integrated approach including hydrochemistry and boron isotope. The results indicate that the ion differentiation phenomenon is controlled not only by the evaporation, but also by the gravitative differentiation and migmatization. Along the flow direction of the basin, the surface water and groundwater have a tight hydraulic connection with each other, they have been transformed two times. In the upper reach, the Kulamuleksay River and Ateatekan River are recharged into the surface water and groundwater in the middle reach with the ratios being 48.8% and 51.2%, and the annual supply being 1.08×10^8 m^3/a and 1.13×10^8 m^3/a, respectively. From the middle reach to the lower reach, the contribution ratios of the Aler River and lateral flow being 55.2%, and the deep groundwater flow being 44.8%, respectively. During the 5.7 ka, the upper reach river water has been supplied 4.11×10^3 tons uranium in the salt lake, and in the middle reach, which can be likely to reserving uranium because of clay adsorption and redox precipitation at the lacustrine plain and the Qimantage mountain front. This study could provide theoretical basis and technical support for setting up hydrologic cycle of salt lake basin, revealing the formation mechanism of brine resources, highly efficient utilizing water resources, and for prospecting uranium.

关 键 词：地表水与地下水 转化关系 铀通量 找矿意义 尕斯库勒盐湖盆地 

分 类 号：P619.14[天文地球—矿床学] P641[天文地球—地质学] P333[天文地球—水文科学]