近十年中国土壤重金属污染源解析研究进展  

Review on the last ten years of research on source identification of heavy metal pollution in soils

作　　者：陈雅丽 翁莉萍 马杰 武晓娟 李永涛 CHEN Ya-li;WENG Li-ping;MA Jie;WU Xiao-juan;LI Yong-tao(Agro-Environmental Protection Institute/Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry ofAgriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China;College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural Universi?ty, Guangzhou 510642, China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部环境保护科研监测所/农业农村部农产品质量安全环境因子控制重点实验室,天津300191 [2]华南农业大学资源环境学院,广州510642

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2019年第10期2219-2238,共20页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0800304）;国家自然科学基金项目（41701355)~~

摘　　要：基于不同源解析方法中所采用的数据类型的差异性,归纳总结了常用于土壤中重金属来源解析的源排放清单法以及不同受体模型,结果表明:现阶段我国土壤中的重金属源解析研究仍主要以定性的传统多元统计方法为主,且不同源解析方法得到的源解析结果基本一致,能够相互印证、互相支持。现阶段,我国土壤中的主要重金属污染元素为Cd,同时也普遍存在Cu、Zn、Pb、Hg的污染。其中,Cd、Cu、Zn主要来自于施肥等农业活动,部分地区还来源于工业活动,甚至以其为主;Hg则主要来源于工业活动及其产生的大气沉降,局部地区叠加高Hg农药的贡献;Pb的来源则比较复杂多样;As、Cr、Ni则主要受土壤母质控制。总体看来,源排放清单法具有适用于不同尺度的优势,应加强源排放量数据和重金属土壤淋滤量数据的收集,以便计算重金属浓度在土壤中的动态变化;先进的统计学方法在土壤重金属源解析中的应用研究应进一步开展,以便探讨这些方法的应用前景。将上述多种源解析方法联用并加强污染源贡献的定量研究仍是未来开展土壤重金属源解析工作的方向。此外,大气沉降作为很多重金属的重要来源,应加强对不同区域大气沉降中重金属初始来源的解析研究,为进一步从源头控制土壤重金属污染提供理论支持。Based on the different types of data used in methods for source identification of heavy metals in soils, the source emission inventory method and various receptor models were summarized, and literature survey indicated that traditional multivariate statistical methods are widely used for source identification and that the results obtained from different methods are mostly comparable. The results indicated that Cd is the primary heavy metal contaminant in soil, whereas Cu, Zn, Pb, and Hg contamination also occurred. In general, the main anthropogenic pollution sources of Cd, Cu, and Zn in soils are agricultural activities such as fertilization, whereas industrial activities contribute a large proportion in certain areas;Hg mainly comes from industrial activities via atmospheric deposition for instance, whereas pesticides rich in Hg are an important source in some areas. The sources of Pb are more diverse and complicated. As, Cr, and Ni are mainly controlled by soil parent materials. In general, the emission inventory method can be applied in studies at different scales, and thus collection of source emission data and heavy metal leaching data in soils should be strengthened to calculate the dynamic changes in heavy metal concentrations in soils. Advanced statistical methods for source identification of heavy metals in soils should be further studied to explore their prospects in future applications. Combination of multiple methods and a strengthened quantitative study for source identification of heavy metals in soils will be conducted in future work. In addition, atmospheric deposition has been identified as an important source for many heavy metals;thus, identification of the initial sources of heavy metals in atmospheric deposition at different regions will facilitate control of heavy metal pollution in soil at its origin.

关 键 词：土壤 重金属源解析 源排放清单法 受体模型 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]