中国旧海关史料在近代外贸史研究中的应用  

Application of the Old Chinese Maritime Customs Historical Materials in the Study of Modern Foreign Trade History

作　　者：王莹 WANG Ying(Institute for the Study of Jin Merchants,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China;Collaborative Innovation Centre of Shanxi Jin Merchants Study and Regional Economic Development,Taiyuan 030006,China)

机构地区：[1]山西大学晋商学研究所 [2]山西大学晋商学与区域经济发展协同创新中心

出　　处：《南通大学学报（社会科学版）》2019年第5期69-77,共9页Journal of Nantong University:Social Sciences Edition

摘　　要：中国旧海关史料是研究近代外贸史的重要资料。受社会环境和学术环境的影响,各个阶段研究主题和侧重点不同。20世纪上半叶,学术界注重对海关贸易统计方法和国际贸易平衡等现实经济问题的探讨;20世纪下半叶,近代中国贸易发展动力、对外贸易与市场化和工业化关系成为研究的热点问题;进入21世纪,《中国旧海关史料》等一系列海关资料的整理与出版使近代中国对外贸易得以在宏观框架下立体、多角度地呈现,港口—腹地关系、港口格局演变、双边贸易关系和大宗商品进出口贸易成为研究的重点。在研究方法上,统计学和计量经济学方法的应用,使近代外贸史的研究结论更为精确、严密和简洁。利用旧海关史料研究近代外贸史,需要从以下三个方面努力:采取审慎的态度,考订、修正贸易统计数据;放宽研究视野,拓展研究主题;加快旧海关史料数据库的建设,多层次、立体化地构建近代中国对外贸易的宏观格局。The old Chinese Maritime Customs historical materials are important for studying the history of modern foreign trade.Affected by the social and academic environment,the research themes and emphases are different at different stages.In the first half of the 20th century,the academia paid attention to discussing the practical economic problems such as the statistical methods and the balance of international trade;in the second half of the 20th century,the motivation of modern China’s trade development,the relationship between foreign trade and marketization and industrialization became the hot spots;in the 21st century,due to the collation and publication of a series of customs materials,it enables China’s foreign trade in modern times to present in a three-dimensional and multi-angle way within a macro-framework.The relationship between ports and hinterland,the evolution of port structure,bilateral trade relations and trade of bulk commodities have become the hot topics.With the old Chinese Maritime Customs historical materials to study the history of modern foreign trade history,it is necessary to adopt a prudent attitude,test and correct trade statistics,broaden research horizons,promote the construction of old customs quantitative database.

关 键 词：中国旧海关史料 对外贸易史 统计学方法 计量经济学方法 量化数据库 

分 类 号：F752.96[经济管理—国际贸易]