某大型化工企业周边居民区积尘中多环芳烃调查及健康风险评价  

Monitoring and Health Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Residential Area Around a Chemical Enterprise

作　　者：张涛[1] 穆肃[1] 范清华[1] ZHANG Tao;MU Su;FAN Qinghua(Jiangsu Provincial Environmental Monitoring Centre,Nanjing 210036,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省环境监测中心

出　　处：《中国环境监测》2019年第5期79-86,共8页Environmental Monitoring in China

基　　金：江苏省环保科研课题(2018001,201122)

摘　　要：以江苏省某大型化工企业周边居民区为研究区域,调查企业主导风的下风向2 km范围内的居民区以及对照区积尘中多环芳烃(PAHs)含量,对16种PAHs污染分布和特征进行研究,并评估积尘PAHs通过暴露途径对人群健康风险。结果表明:居民区积尘中16种PAHs全部检出,污染区∑PAHs均值为2 294μg/kg,明显高于对照区145μg/kg;污染区7个测点中有6个测点苯并(a)芘出现超标,超标倍数为0. 17~2. 5倍;所测的16种PAHs化合物中蒽、荧蒽、芘、[艹屈]、苯并(b)荧蒽、苯并(k)荧蒽、苯并(a)芘浓度相对较高;通过PAHs主成分分析和特征比值判断,不完全燃烧源对积尘中PAHs贡献率达77. 4%,污染区PAHs来源呈现石油燃烧、煤燃烧以及石油源的复合污染特征,对照区PAHs主要来源为煤的不完全燃烧;以苯并(a)芘毒性等效浓度进行风险评估,污染区致癌风险值明显高于对照区,儿童摄入PAHs风险总体高于成人;对照区儿童和成人致癌风险均小于1×10^-6,不存在致癌风险;污染区儿童和成人平均致癌风险值分别为3. 95×10^-6、2. 65×10^-6,在可接受范围内,但存在潜在致癌风险。Taking the surrounding residential areas of a large petrochemical enterprise in Jiangsu Province as the research area,the contents of PAHs in dust in the residential areas at 2 km leeward from the enterprise and in the control area were measured. The distribution and characteristics of 16 kinds of PAHs were studied,and the health risk to human group was evaluated by the exposure path of dust PAHs. The results showed that all 16 kinds of PAHs in the residential area were detected,∑PAHs in the polluted area was 2 294 μg/kg,obviously higher than that of the control area,145 μg/kg. There were 7 test points of benzo (a) pyrene in the polluted area,and 6 points of benzo(a) pyrene the exceeding standard multiple of 0.17 to 2.5 times. The concentrations of anthracene,fluoranthene,pyrene,chrysene,benzo (b) fluoranthene,benzo (k) fluoranthene and benzo (a) pyrene in the 16 PAHs compounds were higher. Through PAHs principal component analysis and characteristic ratio estimation,the contribution rate of incomplete combustion source to PAHs in dust accumulation reached 77.4%. The PAHs sources in the polluted area showed the compound pollution characteristics of petroleum combustion,coal combustion and petroleum sources. The main source of PAHs in the control area was coal incomplete combustion. Risk assessment of benzo (a) pyrene toxic equivalent concentration was carried out. The risk of cancer in the polluted area was higher than that in the control area,and the risk of PAHs intake in children was higher than that in adults. The risk of cancer in children and adults in the control area was less than 1×10 ^-6 ,and there was no carcinogenic risk. The average cancer risk values of children and adults exposed to PAHs in polluted areas were 3.95 ×10 ^-6 and 2.65 ×10^-6 ,within acceptable range,but there was a potential carcinogenic risk.

关 键 词：化工企业 居民区 尘 多环芳烃 健康风险 

分 类 号：X820.4[环境科学与工程—环境工程]