污水热能利用现状与潜在用途  

Status and Potential Applications of Thermal Energy from Wastewater

作　　者：郝晓地[1] 叶嘉洲 李季[1] 江瀚[1] HAO Xiao-di;YE Jia-zhou;LI Ji;JIANG Han(Sino-Dutch R & D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies,Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment < Ministry of Education > ,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]北京建筑大学城市雨水系统与水环境教育部重点实验室中-荷污水处理技术研发中心

出　　处：《中国给水排水》2019年第18期15-22,共8页China Water & Wastewater

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51878022);北京“未来城市设计高精尖中心”项目(2018)

摘　　要：污水余温含有比有机物化学能高近10倍的热能,应审时度势予以开发。在污水管道上直接利用热量存在热交换器(热泵)防污、防堵、防腐构造问题,需要严控技术设计与采用特殊材料。居家水平原位利用热能亦存在同样问题,需要与源分离卫生设施相结合。国内外目前已有污水热能利用项目以管道在线利用为主,但规模不大,这不仅取决于热泵材料与质量,重要的是难以保持长期稳定运行。污水处理后在出水端进行集中热交换优点颇多,但是被交换出的巨大热量需要就近、稳定的热量用户。出水集中热能利用首选是服务于周边住宅或工企空调热量交换;出水交换热量亦可用于污泥热干化补充热量;交换热量还可用于污水处理厂周边农业大棚/温室。因此,污水处理厂若利用热能终将会演变为"能源工厂",并以热量输出交换方式间接实现"碳中和"运行。The residual temperature of the wastewater contains a large amount of thermal energy which is almost ten times higher than the chemical energy of the organic matter, and should be exploited duly. Directly utilizing thermal energy from sewers needs to resolve such practical problems of heat exchangers ( heat pumps) as anti-fouling, anti-blocking, anti-corrosion, etc., which should be associated with both strict technical design and special materials. There are also the similar problems with on-situ household utilization of thermal energy, which should be involved in source separation facilities. At present, existing thermal energy utilization projects at home and abroad are mainly based on directly utilization of energy from sewers, which are still in small scale applications due to the quality of exchangers' materials and long-term stable operation. Clearly, there are many advantages on the system of centralized heat exchange from effluents of WWTPs. However, the huge heat exchanged needs to have reliable neighboring users for heating/cooling. The first choice of centralized utilization is to serve the heat exchange of air conditioning of neighboring residence and/or industrial buildings for air-condition;the heat exchange of effluent can also be used to dry excess sludge after dewatering for direct incineration;and the thermal energy can also be utilized for heating needs of greenhouses around WWTPs as well. In this way, WWTPs would become "power plants", which makes them indirectly achieve carbon-neutral operation.

关 键 词：污水热能 水源热泵 能效比(COP) 供热/制冷 集中利用 污泥热干化 

分 类 号：TU992[建筑科学—市政工程]