寡头市场中最优贸易政策与企业竞争地位  

Optimal Trade Policy and Endogenous Timing in an Oligopoly

作　　者：徐璐 叶光亮[1,2] 刘诚 XU Lu;YE Guangliang;LIU Cheng(Renmin University of China, Beijing, China;Hainan University, Haikou, China;Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学,100872 [2]海南大学,570228 [3]中国社会科学院财经战略研究院,100028

出　　处：《经济学动态》2019年第10期64-78,共15页Economic Perspectives

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“空间价格歧视模型下的垄断行为研究”(71773129）;国家自然科学基金青年项目“银行业竞争政策的实施效果及影响机制研究”（71903189）;长江学者奖励计划（Q2016037）的资助

摘　　要：本文构建了空间价格歧视的寡头模型,探讨不完全竞争市场上的最优贸易政策。市场上存在一家本国企业与一家外国企业进行空间价格竞争,同时本国政府制定以国内福利水平最大化为目标的贸易政策。接下来,分析在不同的企业市场进入时序(或市场势力)条件下,政府在按单位产量进行固定补贴或关税以及按运输成本(或产品差异)进行浮动补贴或关税之间的最优贸易政策选择。研究表明,政府最优贸易政策需要随企业的市场进入时序进行调整。当国内企业为市场领导者时,固定补贴或关税能够实现相同的社会福利水平,并可获得最优社会福利;而当国外企业为领导者或市场不存在领导者时,最优选择则是浮动补贴。进一步地,本文拓展探讨贸易政策对企业进入时序选择的内生影响,发现国内企业成为领导者是市场时序博弈的稳定均衡。本文的政策启示是,政府对传统优势行业和新动能初期行业应采取差异化的贸易政策。在具备竞争优势的传统产业,可以逐渐减小补贴和关税以扩大进口,从而促进贸易平衡,缓和国际贸易争端;而对于尚处于发展阶段的新动能行业,应该通过必要的贸易政策进行激励,但需要采用浮动的、市场化的方式实施。This paper investigates optimal trade policy in a duopoly with spatial price discrimination in which a domestic and foreign enterprise compete on locations. The government chooses between a uniform subsidy/tariff (based on quantities) and discriminative subsidy/tariff (based on transportation costs or product differentiation) to maximize domestic welfare. We demonstrate that the government s optimal trade policy depends on the timing of market entry. We show that a uniform quantity-based subsidy or tariff is optimal when the domestic enterprise is the market leader, while the discriminative subsidy is optimal when the foreign firm is the leader or there is no leader. We then endogenize the timing of firm entry and show that the domestic enterprise emerges as the leader under the sub-game perfect Nash equilibrium. The policy implication is that the type of trade policy can either promote or harm the competitive advantage of domestic firms. In industries with competitive advantage, the welfare-maximizing government could gradually reduce subsidies or tariffs to expand imports and thus improve the trade balance, while in industries with less competitive advantage, discriminative policies could be adopted to support local firms until they are sufficiently developed to compete against foreign firms.

关 键 词：最优贸易政策 社会福利 空间价格歧视 市场进入时序 

分 类 号：F741[经济管理—国际贸易]