中苏科技合作“122项协定”研究  

Research on the “122 Agreements” Between China and the Soviet Union in Science and Technology Cooperation

作　　者：刘洋 胡晓菁 Liu Yang;Hu Xiaojing

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大学人文学院

出　　处：《当代中国史研究》2019年第5期219-230,256,共13页Contemporary China History Studies

基　　金：中国科学院战略与规划专项课题“中国科学院院史编撰与研究”（Y62901REA2）的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：1958年1月18日,《中华人民共和国政府和苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟政府关于共同进行和苏联帮助中国进行重大科学技术研究的协定》(即“122项协定”)在莫斯科签订。“122项协定”是中苏两国签订的十分重要的科技合作协定,标志着苏联对中国的科技援助从以生产技术为主要内容的合作过渡到了生产技术和科学研究并重的合作。“122项协定”拓宽了中苏科技交往的渠道,协定以编制、执行年度合作计划的方式展开,中苏科学技术合作委员会作为执行机构发挥了重要作用。“122项协定”虽然只执行了3年多,但为中国科学技术发展过程中如何处理好争取外援和自力更生的关系积累了一定的经验。On January 18,1958, the “Agreement between the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on Joint Implementation and the Soviet Union to Assist China in Major Scientific and Technological Research”(the“122 Agreements”)was signed in Moscow. The “122 Agreement”was a very important scientific and technological cooperation agreement signed between China and the Soviet Union and marked Soviet scientific and technological assistance to China shifted from the cooperation based on production technology to the cooperation based on both production technology and scientific research. The "122 Agreement" had broadened the channels of Sino-Soviet scientific and technological exchanges, carried out in the form of compiling and implementing annual cooperation plans. The Sino-Soviet Scientific and Technological Cooperation Committee had played an important role as an executive agency. The "122 Agreements" had only been carried out for three years, but it had promoted the improvement of China's scientific and technologic level and accumulated certain experience in how to handle the relationships between foreign aid and selfreliance in the development of China's science and technology.

关 键 词：中苏关系 “122项协定” 中苏科技合作 

分 类 号：K27[历史地理—历史学] N092[历史地理—中国史]