德国城市儿童户外公共游乐场规划的设计与管理经验  

Experiences of Management and Planning of Outdoor Public Playgrounds in Germany

作　　者：刘涟涟[1] 高莹[1] LIU Lianlian;GAO Ying

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学建筑与艺术学院

出　　处：《西部人居环境学刊》2019年第5期100-108,共9页Journal of Human Settlements in West China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目（51608089）;中国国家留学基金委资助项目（201706065005）

摘　　要：我国快速城市化所带来的社会、交通安全和环境污染等问题,使得儿童在城市户外空间的游戏活动受到极大限制.创建具有吸引力的城市户外公共儿童游乐场,保障孩子自由游戏的权利是儿童友好型城市规划的重要内容.本文首先对儿童游戏空间相关定义、游乐场发展历程和研究现状进行了解读与回顾;进而,以德国为例,详述了德国儿童户外游乐场的规划过程、建设标准和设计特征;最后,概述了德国儿童户外游乐场的服务与管理措施.借鉴德国城市户外儿童游乐场的规划、设计与管理经验,将为我国城市推进儿童户外游戏空间建设,实现儿童友好型城市与社区,提供有效的指导依据.Problems from the social, traffic safety and environmental pollution caused by the rapid urbanization have greatly restricted children’s activities in outdoor spaces in most of cities. It is an important part of child-friendly urban planning to create the attractive public outdoor playground and protect children’s right to play freely.This paper firstly carried out relevant theoretical research on children’s outdoor playground, and interpreted the definition and type of children’s outdoor playgrounds, and reviewed the development and research of children’s playgrounds in Germany.Then, taking Germany as an example, based on the detailed explanation and promotion policy on children’s play rights, the design and management of outdoor playgrounds in Germany were analyzed. The planning process of playgrounds includes: 1) setting the general planning objectives and spatial planning quality objectives;2) analyzing and assessing the site;3) child participation;4) developing a playground plan design goals and specific measures.Furthermore, planning and design standards of playgrounds in Germany were reviewed. Since 1971, the first edition of "Residential Area Playgrounds-Outdoor Game Zones and Equipment-Design Principles" has been revised in multiple editions. In September 2012, the latest standard of DIN-18304 was released as "Playgrounds and open spaces-requirements for planning, construction and operation". Plan, safety and maintenance requirements are more rigorous than previous versions. Until now, Germany has successively released DIN 18040-3(2014-12), which covers the planning requirements for barrier-free traffic and outdoor facilities in public transportation and open spaces, as well as DIN 33942(2016-04) which is standard for accessible playground equipment. These standards form an important design basis for the construction and maintenance of facilities in the playgrounds. Subsequently, the eight criteria for creative playground are outlined as the design principles for children’s outdoor playgrou

关 键 词：儿童友好城市 户外公共游乐场 儿童游戏权利 德国 

分 类 号：TU984.18[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]