不同耕作方式对旱地黄壤理化性质及玉米产量的影响  

Effects of Different Tillage Methods on the physico-chemical Characters of Yellow Soil in Dry Land and Maize Yield

作　　者：滕浪 何腾兵[1,2] 曾庆庆 林署云 韦小了 张佩 李坦东 王立国 TENG Lang;HE Tengbing;ZENG Qingqing;LIN Shuyun;WEI Xiaole;ZHANG Pei;Li Tandong;WANG Liguo(College of Agriculture,Guizhou University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025;New Rural Development Institute,Guizhou University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025;Agricultural Machinery Research Institute of Guizhou Province,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学农学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州大学新农村发展研究院,贵州贵阳550025 [3]贵州省山地农业机械研究所,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2019年第10期33-38,共6页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：科技服务企业项目“养殖污染控制与废弃物无害化资源化利用技术推广”[黔科合服企(2018)4007(006)];贵州省科技基础条件平台项目“贵州省山地畜禽养殖污染控制与资源化检测基础条件平台”[黔科合人才平台(2019)5701];国家重点研发计划项目“南方山地玉米化肥农药减施技术集成研究与示范”(2018YFD0200700)

摘　　要：为贵州西部地区提升土壤肥力及实施保护性耕作提供理论依据,于2017-2018年在贵州省黔西县进行了玉米传统耕作、免耕和松耕试验,研究不同耕作方式对旱地黄壤理化性质及玉米产量的影响。结果表明:试验前后不同耕作方式土壤pH与全氮含量无明显变化;有机质含量松耕土壤表层下降,深层土壤上升,传统耕作与免耕无明显变化;松耕使表层土壤速效养分向深层土壤转移,传统耕作对不同深度的速效养分影响无明显规律,免耕则使不同深度的土壤速效养分下降;传统耕作土壤容重增加,土壤总孔隙度降低,土壤毛管持水量上升;松耕与免耕表层土壤的容重下降,孔隙度增加,毛管持水量增加,使得表层土壤变疏松,增加了土壤保水量;免耕土壤坚实度较大,耕作层较浅。松耕能够降低土壤坚实度,增加耕层深度,提高黄壤旱地玉米产量,是旱地黄壤玉米最适宜的耕作方式。To provide a theoretical basis for improving soil fertility and implementing conservation tillage in western Guizhou,the traditional tillage,no-till and loose tillage experiments were carried out in Qianxi County,Guizhou Province during 2017-2018 to study the effects of different tillage methods on the physical and chemical properties of dryland yellow soil and maize yield. The results showed that there was no significant change in soil pH and total nitrogen content before and after the experiment. The organic matter content of the loose soil surface decreased,the deep soil increased,the traditional tillage and no-tillage did not change significantly. The loose tillage allowed the surface soil available nutrients to transfer to the deep soil.Traditional tillage had no obvious effect on the available nutrients at different depths. No-tillage reduced soil available nutrients at different depths. The soil bulk density increased,the total porosity decreased and the capillary water capacity increased under traditional tillage. Loose tillage and no-tillage topsoil decreased bulk density,increased porosity,and increased capillary water holding capacity,which made topsoil loose and increased soil water holding capacity. The firmness of no-tillage soil was relatively high and the topsoil layer was relatively shallow. Loose tillage could reduce soil firmness,increase topsoil depth,and improve maize yield in upland yellow soil. Loose tillage was the most suitable tillage method for maize cultivation in dryland yellow soil.

关 键 词：传统耕作 免耕 松耕 黄壤 土壤理化性质 玉米产量 

分 类 号：S151.9[农业科学—土壤学] S152[农业科学—农业基础科学]