观赏绿肥油葵与小葵子的景观及肥料效应  

Landscape and Fertilizer Effect of Ornamental Green Manure Oil Sunflower and Small Sunflower

作　　者：姚单君 张爱华 吴兴洪 冉斌 张钦 朱青[1] 王文华[1] 况胜剑 YAO Danjun;ZHANG Aihua;WU Xinhong;RAN Bin;ZHANG Qin;ZHU Qing;WANG Wenhua;KUANG Shengjian(Guizhou Institute of Soil and Fertilizer,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Guizhou Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation and Agriculture Environment (Guizhou),Ministry of Agriculture,Guiyang,Guizhou 550006;Guizhou University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所/贵州省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业部贵州耕地保育与农业环境科学观测试验站,贵州贵阳550006 [2]贵州大学,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2019年第10期80-83,共4页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省社会攻关项目“山地观光农业的景观绿肥品种选配技术研究与示范”[黔科合(2016)支撑2837];国家绿肥产业技术体系(CARS-22);贵州省农业科学院青年基金项目“不同品种绿肥对贵州黄壤氮磷淋失的影响研究”[黔农科院青年基金(2018)-58];贵州省农业科学院青年基金项目“黔中黄壤猕猴桃园种植绿肥对土壤环境的响应机理研究”[黔农科院青年基金(2018)-95]

摘　　要：为加强观赏绿肥在山地观光农业和生态农业中的应用,促进生态农业与观光农业的协调发展,以观赏绿肥油葵及小葵子为试验材料,进行田间对比试验,分析2种观赏绿肥的景观效应与肥料效应。结果表明:油葵植株明显高于小葵子,盛花期株高分别为175.13cm和114.27cm;两者花色均为黄色,初花期时间相近,油葵和小葵子花期分别为37d和34d;盛花期油葵花盘平铺面积显著大于小葵子;油葵干物质量及养分积累量明显高于小葵子,油葵盛花期翻压还田可为土壤提供N414.5kg/hm^2、P63.91kg/hm^2、K384.12kg/hm^2;油葵可活化土壤中的磷,小葵子能有效地活化土壤中的钾。油葵的景观及肥料效应优于小葵子,但在土壤有效钾含量较低或土壤层较薄的农地可考虑种植小葵子。In order to strengthen the application of ornamental green manure in mountain sightseeing agriculture and ecological agriculture,and promote the coordinated development of ecological agriculture and sightseeing agriculture,in this paper the authors used oil sunflower and small sunflower as test materials,and conducted a field comparison experiment to analyze the landscape effect and fertilizer effect of the two ornamental green manures. Results: The plant height of oil sunflower was significantly greater than that of small sunflower,which were 175.13 cm and 114.27 cm respectively in blooming period;Both of the two sunflower varieties had yellow flowers and similar initial flowering time,and the flowering duration were respectively 37 d and 34 d;The oil sunflower disk tiling area was significantly greater than the small sunflower;The dry matter weight and nutrient accumulation of oil sunflower were significantly greater than that of small sunflower. Among which,oil sunflower could provide N as 414.5 kg/hm^ 2 and P as 63.91 kg/hm^2 and K as 384.12 kg/hm^2 for soil if rolling back to the field in the flowering period;The oil sunflower could activate the phosphorus in the soil,while the small sunflower could activate the potassium in the soil more effectively. Oil sunflower has better landscape and fertilizer effects than small sunflower. Nevertheless,in the agricultural land with low soil available potassium or thin soil layer,small sunflower seeds can also be considered.

关 键 词：景观绿肥 油葵 小葵子 肥料效应 景观效应 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学] S68[农业科学—园艺学]