围封对荒漠草原植物群落与土壤养分变化的影响  

Effect of Enclosed Grassland of Desert Steppe on the Plant Community and Soil Nutrients

作　　者：刘铁军[1] 杨劼 郭建英[1] 李锦荣[1] 王丽霞[1] 董智[3] LIU Tie-jun;YANG Jie;GUO Jian-ying;LI Jin-rong;WANG Li-xia;DONG Zhi(Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area,Ministry of Water Resources,Hohhot 010020,China;Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot,010050 China;Institute of Forestry,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai'an,271018,China)

机构地区：[1]水利部牧区水利科学研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010020 [2]内蒙古大学生态与环境学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010050 [3]山东农业大学林学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2019年第5期86-93,共8页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(51579157,51779156);中国水科院基本科研业务费专项项目(MK2016J12,MK2018J01)

摘　　要：为进一步阐明围封对荒漠草原植物群落特征及土壤养分变化的影响规律,采用野外调查与室内分析的方法,分别对内蒙古希拉穆仁荒漠草原上东河小流域放牧样地、围封样地进行植被群落样方调查与土壤样品养分含量测定。结果表明:围封后,植物群落结构发生了显著变化,放牧样地植物群落以冷蒿、银灰旋花和针茅为优势种,围封3年后样地群落优势种改变为针茅、冰草和糙隐子草。放牧样地的植物物种数基本保持在18种左右,随着围封年限的增加,物种数减少,围封13年物种数减少至8种。围封显著提高了植物群落的高度、盖度和地上生物量,降低了群落的丰富度指数和多样性指数。其中,围封13年的地上生物量是围封前的5倍,为217.67g/m^2;群落盖度,围封前23.82%、围封3年34%、围封7年47%、围封13年达到70.33%。围封恢复使得土壤养分(全氮、全磷、全钾、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质)大都呈增加趋势,土壤有机质与地上生物量呈极显著的正相关关系(P<0.01)、全钾、全磷与地上生物量呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05)。如果考虑水量平衡因素,控制好围封时间与空间尺度,对干旱半干旱地区荒漠草原生态修复具有重要意义。To explore the effect of enclosure on alternations of characteristics of plant communities and soil nutrients,filed investigation integrated with chemical analysis were used to investigate plant communities and contents of soil nutrients in Xilamuren desert grassland under enclosure or grazing conditions.The results showed that the structure of plant community changed significantly after enclosure of degraded desert grassland.The dominant species were Artemisia frigida,Convolvulus ammannii,Stipa capillata Linn.in grazing plots.After enclosure for 3 years,the dominant species were changed into Stipa capillata Linn.,Agropyron cristatum (Linn.) Gaertn.and Cleistogenes squarrosa (Trin.) Keng.The number of plant species of grazing plots was basically 18 species.With the duration of enclosure,the number of species decreased gradually that only 8 species left after 13 years of enclosure.However,enclosure not only significantly increased the height,coverage and aboveground biomass of the plant community but also decreased the richness index and diversity index of the community.The aboveground biomass increased from 44.24 g/m^2 to 217.67 g/m^2 in plots under 13 years enclosure.The community coverage was 23.82% before the enclosure,which increased to 34%,47% and 70.33%,respectively,after 3,7,and 13 years enclosure.The enclosure of degraded desert grassland facilitated the restoration of soil nutrients (N,P,K,mineral nitrogen,mineral P,mineral K and organic matter),which almost all increased.The aboveground biomass was positively correlated with soil organic matter (P< 0.01) and total K and P (P<0.05).If the water balance is considered and the duration and area of enclosure is well managed,it will be great significant to the ecological restoration of arid and semi-arid desert grassland.

关 键 词：荒漠草原 围封 植物群落 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]