黄河下游河道输沙用水量研究  

Water Demand for Sediment Transport in the Lower Yellow River

作　　者：刘小勇[1] 李天宏[1] 赵业安[2] 金玲[1] 倪晋仁[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学环境工程系 [2]黄河水利科学研究院,郑州450000

出　　处：《应用基础与工程科学学报》2002年第3期253-262,共10页Journal of Basic Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目 (G1 9990 4 36 0 3)

摘　　要：从上游来水来沙状态、下游河道输沙目标、下游河道水流输沙能力和水利枢纽调控调度 4个层次分析了黄河下游河道输沙用水效率 .根据 1 950～ 1 997年期间的实测资料 ,分别讨论了黄河下游不同河段在自然、受控、复杂和异常状态下的输沙用水量 .在各种状态下根据河道和输沙特性的差异 ,分别按照均衡和平衡输沙目标计算了下游河道输沙用水量 .在设定输沙目标下 ,以年内不同时段水流挟沙能力为依据 ,对比了可能提高输沙用水效率的不同调控方案 ,例如在汛期或 7～ 8月输送全年泥沙的方案等 ,以便减少黄河下游输沙用水量并缓解黄河水资源的紧张趋势 .这些方案有可能通过水利工程枢纽的调控来实现 ,为此文中给出了不同状态下均衡。Water demand for transporting sediment is of primary importance in the Lower Yellow River. A systematic analysis was made in terms of the incoming water and se d iment from the upstream, the regimes of sediment transport, the sediment trans po rting capacities of river flow, and the control capabilities of hydraulic eng ine ering works. According to the measured data from 1950 to 1997, the water dem andfor transporting sediment was considered under four conditions, or the natu ral,the engineering-controlled, the complex and the abnormal conditions. Boththe e quilibrium and the non-equilibrium regimes are discussed. In determiningequili brium regime for sediment transport, comparison was made between differe nt opera tion schemes in connection with sediment transporting capacities, e.g.the schem e of using the water in wet season to transport the sediment load in t he whole y ear and other schemes. These schemes could decrease water demand forsediment tr ansport. The schemes could be implemented by the option of the hydra ulic enginee ring works. For convenience, thresholds of water use for sediment t ransport unde r different conditions were also proposed and discussed.

关 键 词：河道输沙用水量 黄河下游 输沙用水效率 河流生态环境需水量 水流输沙能力 

分 类 号：TV152[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]