不同品种冬小麦土壤及植株测试氮肥推荐指标的研究  

Genotypic Differences of Nitrogen Fertilization Recommendation Indices Based on Plant and Soil Test of Winter Wheat

作　　者：黄生斌[1] 陈新平[1] 张福锁[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农业部植物营养学重点开放实验室,北京100094

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2002年第5期26-31,共6页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金重大项目 (6 980 0 0 1);国家自然科学基金倾斜资助项目 (39870 4 79)

摘　　要：通过对北京地区冬小麦 6个高产品种 (京 4 11、94 2 8、农大 32 91、94冬 2 8、中麦 9号和京冬 8号 )的氮肥试验 ,研究了不同品种冬小麦推荐施肥指标的差异 ,确立了对应的氮肥推荐参数。 6个冬小麦品种中 ,农大32 91、中麦 9号和京冬 8号对氮肥反应较为敏感 ,其中农大 32 91和京冬 8号属于高效高响应品种 ,中麦 9号属低效高响应品种 ;而 94 2 8对氮肥反应较不敏感 ,属于低效低响应品种。这 6个品种达到最高产量的最佳氮素供应量 (播前土壤无机氮和肥料氮量 )分别为 183,181,132 ,132 ,15 2和 132 kg.hm-2 ,不需追肥的硝酸盐浓度临界值依次为 2 4 38,2 5 0 9,2 0 32 ,2 35 7,172 2和 15 5 7mg.kg-1。通过土壤无机氮确定推荐基肥量时 ,可以不考虑品种差异而采用统一指标 ;通过植株硝酸盐含量确定冬小麦氮肥追肥推荐时 ,在基肥用量比较高或高肥力的土壤上 ,可以不考虑品种的影响 ;而在基肥用量很低或低肥力土壤上 ,追肥推荐指标品种差异相对较大 。Based on the experiment of winter wheat varieties from 1999 to 2000 at Dong BeiWang experiment station in Beijing, the differences of basal nitrogen fertilization recommendation indices with soil N min quick test and topdressing N fertilization recommendation indices with plant tissue nitrate quick test were studied for six winter wheat varieties(Jing411, 9428, Nongda3291, 94d28, Zhongmai 9 and Jingdong8). The main results were as follows: 1) Among the six genotypes, Nongda3291, Zhongmai9 and Jingdong8 were much more sensitive to nitrogen fertilizer application. Nongda3291 and Jingdong8 could be grouped as high efficient and high responsive genotypes, and Zhongmai9 as low efficient and high responsive genotype, while 9428 could be grouped as low efficient and low responsive genotype. 2) The optimum N supply (soil N min +N fertilizer) of Jing411, 9428, Nongda3291, 94d28, Zhongmai 9 and Jingdong8 were 183,181,132,132,152 and 132kg·hm -2 , respectively. The critical values of the plant tissue nitrate test were 2428, 2509, 2032, 2357, 1722 and 1557 mg·L -1 , respectively. 3) It was unnecessary to take the genotypic difference into account when basal fertilizer was recommended by soil N min test. Genotypic difference should be considered when using plant tissue nitrate test for ascertain the amount of nitrogen fertilizer as top dressing in low fertility field while genotypic difference was unnecessary to be taken into consideration in high fertility field.

关 键 词：品种 冬小麦 植株测试 氮肥 推荐指标 土壤无机氮 植株硝酸盐 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S143.1