稠油的水热裂解反应及其降粘机理  

Study on the aquathermolysis and viscosity reduced mechanism of heavy oil

作　　者：刘永建[1] 钟立国[1] 范洪富[1] 刘喜林[2] 

机构地区：[1]大庆石油学院石油工程学院,黑龙江安达151400 [2]中国石油天然气集团公司辽河油田分公司技术发展处,辽宁盘锦124010

出　　处：《大庆石油学院学报》2002年第3期95-98,共4页Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金资助项目 (Q0 0C0 35)

摘　　要：研究了注蒸汽开采稠油中的水热裂反应及稠油的降粘机理 ,高温下水性质的变化为稠油的水热裂解反应创造了条件 ;催化剂中的金属离子与水分子的络合 ,生成的络离子对稠油中杂原子S的进攻 ,稠油分子中C—S健的断裂 ,使稠油的分子变小 ;油层矿物在高温蒸汽的作用下生成了结构类似于无定形催化剂的物质 ,有利于稠油的水热裂解 ;水热裂解反应过程中产生了H2 ,它在催化剂的作用下可实现井下就地加氢 ;水热裂解中的饱和烃、芳香烃含量的增加及胶质、沥青质含量的降低 ,为稠油粘度的降低提供了条件 ;稠油及沥青质相对分子质量的降低、杂原子含量的降低 ,从而降低了稠油分子间的作用力 。The mechanism of aquathermolysis and viscosity reduced are investigated in detail. The mechanisms include: 1. The physical and chemical properties of water are suitable for aquathermolysis at high temperature; 2. The complex ions produced, when the catalyst metallic ions react with water, can attack the sulfur atom in heavy oil and lead the cleavage of C-S bond, leading to the decrease of average molecular weight. 3. The reservoir minerals react with steam can produce the compounds whose structure is similar to the amorphous catalysts. 4. There is H 2 produced in the process of aquathermolysis, and thus the down\|hole hydrogenation of heavy oil may take place, and upgrading of heavy oil. 5. The amount of saturate and aromatic increase, resin and asphaltene decrease may low the viscosity of heavy oil. Moreover, the production of light hydrocarbons and CO 2 may also low the viscosity of heavy oil.

关 键 词：稠油 水热裂解反应 降粘机理 注蒸汽开采 粘度 催化作用 

分 类 号：TE345[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程] TE357.44