几种加氢裂化催化剂的失活与再生研究  

Deactivation and Regeneration of Hydrocracking Catalyst

作　　者：梁相程[1] 王继锋[1] 喻正南[1] 姚颂东[1] 高文艺[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油化工股份有限公司抚顺石油化工研究院,辽宁抚顺113001 [2]辽宁石油化工大学石油化工学院,辽宁抚顺113001

出　　处：《石油化工高等学校学报》2002年第4期29-33,40,共6页Journal of Petrochemical Universities

摘　　要：为了充分发挥工业催化剂的活性及使用性能 ,并为催化剂的研究和工业应用提供一定的理论基础及实践指导 ,进行了加氢裂化催化剂失活原因的研究。通过在小型加氢装置上对催化剂进行活性评价 ,结果表明 ,失活后加氢裂化催化剂经再生其活性明显降低 ,反应温度比新鲜催化剂反应温度高 7℃左右。通过使用XRD、XPS、TPR、ICP、IR等技术 ,测试和表征几种工业上大量应用的加氢裂化催化剂 ,从不同角度研究再生前后催化剂的各种性能的变化 ,探讨催化剂失活的原因。研究表明 ,加氢裂化催化剂经工业使用后 ,导致催化剂失活的原因有 :在运转中碳的沉积使其暂时性失活 ,重金属沉积堵塞孔口 ,降低酸度 ,使催化剂部分活性位永久性失活 ;另外 ,其内含USY部分孔结构崩塌 ,结晶度降低 ,以及金属聚集、载体烧结使催化剂加氢活性降低 。In order to fully utilize the activity and applied performance of commercial catalyst and provide certain theoretical foundation and practice instruction for catalyst study and commercial application, it introduced the causes of hydrotreating catalyst deactivation. Reactive activity of deactivated catalysts comparing the corresponding fresh catalysts was studied on small hydrogenation unit. The results indicate that the hydrodenitrogen activity of regenerated catalyst decreases obviously. The reaction temperature of regenerated catalyst compared with the fresh catalyst is 7 ℃ higher. The physicochemical characteristics of regenerated catalysts and the corresponding fresh catalysts which largely used in commercial units were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photo electron spectroscopy (XPS), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), inductive coupled plasma (ICP), and infrared spectroscopy (IR), etc. The results show that the deactivation causes of hydrotreating catalysts used in commercial units are of three major categories: pore blocking via coke deposition in the catalyst pores, pore blocking via heavy metal deposition at the catalyst pore mouths decreasing acidity and deactivating some active sites permanently. In addition, permanent catalyst deactivation will be caused when some USY in catalyst make the pore structure collapse and decrease the degree of crystallization, metal aggregating and supports sintering also decrease the hydrogenation activity.

关 键 词：加氢裂化催化剂 失活 再生 研究 

分 类 号：TE624.93[石油与天然气工程—油气加工工程]