不同处理对大麦花药内源氨基酸含量和显微结构的影响  

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT TREATMENTS ON CONTENT OF ENDOGENOUS AMINO ACID AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF BARLEY ANTHERS

作　　者：黄剑华[1] 陆瑞菊[2] 孙月芳[2] 王亦菲[2] 周润梅[2] 刘兆良[3] 张伟萍[3] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学,南京210095 [2]上海市农业科学院生物技术研究中心,上海201106 [3]上海市农业科学院测试中心,上海201106

出　　处：《上海农业学报》2002年第4期8-13,共6页Acta Agriculturae Shanghai

基　　金：国家"九五"科技攻关项目 (96 -C0 1- 0 1- 0 2 - 14 )。

摘　　要：以大麦花药培养反应迟钝型、敏感型基因型为供试材料 ,测定了穗中部小花中小孢子发育处于单核期的麦穗 (单核穗 )、二核期的麦的穗 (二核穗 )、2 0℃下离体发育至二核期麦穗(2 0℃穗 )中花药内源氨基酸的含量。结果表明 :氨基酸含量以二核穗的最高 ,2 0℃穗的其次 ,单核穗的最低。但是 ,皆远低于 3℃处理 2 5d的含量。据此推测 :小孢子发育进程和离体并非导致大量游离氨基酸形成的主要原因。离体培养 2 0d ,迟钝型花药的内源氨基酸含量比敏感型的低。观察了经处理后花药显微结构的变化 ,结果表明 :3℃低温处理 2 5d导致花药药壁、药隔组织发生解体 ,敏感型材料的解体程度比迟钝型的小。推测药壁组织的适度解体有利于小孢子的存活和发育。Using barley cultivars/lines with low or high responding to anther culture as experimental materials, the contents of endogenous amino acid in anthers were determined when microspores of a floret at the central part of spike were at uninucleate stage (uninucleate spike) or dinucleate stage (dinucleate spike) or when in vitro spike developed from uninucleate stage to dinucleate stage (20℃ spike) at 20℃. The results showed that the total free amino acid content was highest in dinucleate stage spikes compared with that of uninucleate stage spikes and 20℃ spikes and the amino acid content in uninucleate stage spikes was higher than that in 20℃ spikes. In comparison with the amino acid in spikes treated at 3℃ for 25d, the above three spike's amino acid content were obviously lower. Therefore it was inferred that the development of microspore and in vitro treatment of spike were probably not the main factors leading to the formation of a large quantity of free amino acid, and very likely the main factor was cold treatment. After culturing in vitro for 20 days, the content of free amino acid in anthers of low responding to anther culture was lower than that in anthers with high responding genotype. Microstructure of anthers treated at 3℃ was also investigated. The results showed that cold treatment of anthers for 25 days led to decomposition of anther wall and a degree of decomposition for low responding genotype was more obvious than that of high responding one. It was inferred that a moderate degree of decomposition of anther wall would be beneficial to the survival and development of the microspores.

关 键 词：内源氨基酸含量 显微结构 大麦 花药 离体培养 低温预处理 

分 类 号：S512.3[农业科学—作物学]