纳米CuO的制备及对NH_4ClO_4热分解的催化性能  

Synthesis of Nanocrystalline CuO an d its Catalytic Activity on the Thermal Decomposition of NH_4 ClO_4

作　　者：罗元香[1] 陆路德[1] 刘孝恒[1] 杨绪杰[1] 汪信[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学化工学院,南京210094

出　　处：《无机化学学报》2002年第12期1211-1214,共4页Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry

基　　金：国防科工委重点基金资助项目(No.J1800E004)。

摘　　要：研究了快速液相沉淀条件对纳米CuO结构和形貌的影响。并用热分析法考察了不同形貌的纳米CuO对高氯酸铵(AP)分解的催化作用。结果表明,当反应物Cu(NO3)2和NaOH的浓度均增大到1.00mol·L-1或者反应介质乙醇和水的体积比增大到3∶1时,纳米CuO(1珔11)晶面的XRD峰强度弱于其(111)晶面的XRD峰强度;用Na2CO3作沉淀剂可获得平均粒径11nm的球形CuO,但团聚严重,添加聚乙二醇(PEG)可改善其分散性。不同形貌的纳米CuO均能强烈催化AP的分解,其中分散性良好的球形纳米CuO,催化活性最强,可使AP的高温分解温度降低99.13℃,分解放热量由590.12J·g-1增至1380J·g-1。Effect of fast precipitation condit ions on the structure and morphologies of nanocrystalline CuO was studie d,and the catalysis of the different mo rphologies of nanocrystalline CuO p owders on NH 4 ClO 4 (AP)decomposition was investigated by thermal analysis.Results indicate that the XRD intensity of the(111)crystal face of nanocrystalline CuO is stronger than that of(111)crystal face when the concentration of the raw material Cu(NO 3 ) 2 and NaOH rises to 1.00mol·L -1 or when the volume ratio of the reaction mediums of ethanol and water is increased to 3∶1.The spherical shape nanocrystalline CuO(11nm)with heavy agglomeration can be gain ed using Na 2 CO 3 as precipitant,and adding PEG can make its dispersio n better.The catalysis of the different morphologies of nanocrystallin e CuO powders on AP decomposition is stron ger.And among them,the effect of the catalysis of the spherical shape nanocrystalline CuO powders with better dispersion on AP decomposition is the strongest,and it can also make that the higher temperature peak of AP dec omposition drops down to 99.13℃and t hat the exothermic quantities of decomposition from 590.12J ·g -1 up 1380J ·g -1 .

关 键 词：CUO 制备 NH4ClO4 热分解 催化性能 快速沉淀法 纳米氧化铜 高氯酸铵 固体推进剂 

分 类 号：V512[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程] O643.36[理学—物理化学]